Mechanical Properties of the Human Tibial and Peroneal Nerves Following Stretch With Histological Correlations.
cadaver study
histology
joint arthroplasty
mechanical properties
nerve stretch
Journal
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
ISSN: 1932-8494
Titre abrégé: Anat Rec (Hoboken)
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101292775
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2019
11 2019
Historique:
received:
31
10
2017
revised:
29
04
2019
accepted:
05
06
2019
pubmed:
10
9
2019
medline:
9
9
2020
entrez:
10
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Despite the extensive literature regarding peripheral nerve stretch injuries, there are few studies that compare the nerve histology with the mechanical properties in humans. There is clinical evidence suggesting that the peroneal nerve is at greater risk for injury compared to the tibial nerve following total hip arthroplasty and hip trauma. We examined the two nerves from fresh human cadavers with or without controlled stretch. The mechanical properties, stiffness, and strain were compared with light microscopic preparations in longitudinal sections stained by the trichrome method for collagen and showing the effects of structural deformation. The tibial nerve had an average failure load 1.7× that for the peroneal nerve (P = 0.0001). Although the corresponding average stiffness showed a trend toward being larger (4.39 vs. 3.81 N/mm), the difference was not significant (P = 0.126). Histologically, the perineurium along with the underlying nerve fascicle was undulated in the control specimens and straightened out in the stretched specimens. Peroneal nerves went on to failure at lower loads and exhibited a wavy pattern on pathologic slides after failure, which shows that peroneal nerves fail mechanically before they can unfold. The tibial nerve has a biomechanical and histological advantage compared to the peroneal nerve during tensile testing, which could be the reason why it is less commonly damaged. We conclude that the perineurium is especially protective against deformation changes in human nerves relative to the respective nerve size and number of fascicles. Anat Rec, 302:2030-2039, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2030-2039Informations de copyright
© 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Références
Abrahams M. 1965. The mechanical properties of costal cartilage. PhD Thesis. University of Strathclyde.
Aldea PA, Shaw WW. 1986. The evolution of the surgical management of severe lower extremity trauma. Clin Plast Surg 13:549-569.
Antoniadis G, Kretschmer T, Pedro MT, Konig RW, Heinen CP, Richter HP. 2014. Iatrogenic nerve injuries: prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Dtsch Arztebl Int 111:273-279.
Bianchi F, Hofmann F, Smith AJ, Ye H, Thompson MS. 2018a. Probing multi-scale mechanics of peripheral nerve collagen and myelin by X-ray diffreaction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 87:205-212.
Bianchi F, Sedgwick R, Ye H, Thompson MS. 2018b. Strain partitioning between nerve and axons: estimating axonal strain using sodium channel staining in intact peripheral nerve. J Neurosci Methods 309:1-5.
Bora FW, Richardson S, Black J. 1980. The biomechanical responses to tension in a peripheral nerve. J Hand Surg Am 5:21-25.
Campbell WW. 2008. Evaluation and management of peripheral nerve injury. Clin Neurophysiol 119:1951-1965.
Clarke E, Bearn JG. 1972. The spiral nerve bands of Fontana. Brain 95:1-20.
Coppieters MW, Andersen LS, Johansen R, Giskegjerde PK, Hoivik M, Vestre S, Nee RJ. 2015. Excursion of the sciatic nerve during nerve mobilization exercises: an in vivo cross-sectional study using dynamic ultrasound imaging. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 45:731-737.
Cush G, Irgit K. 2011. Drop foot after knee dislocation: evaluation and treatment. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 19:139-146.
Denny-Brown DD, Doherty MM. 1945. Effects of transient stretching of peripheral nerve. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 54:116-129.
Farrell CM, Springer BD, Haidukewych GJ, Morrey BF. 2005. Motor nerve palsy following primary total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:2619-2625.
Franco CD, Rahman A, Voronov G, Kerns JM, Beck RJ, Buckenmaier CC. 2008. Gross anatomy of the brachial plexus sheath in human cadavers. Reg Anesth Pain Med 33:64-69.
Giannessi E, Stornelli MR, Sergi N. 2017. A unified approach to model peripheral nerves across different animal species. PeerJ 5:e4005.
Giannessi E, Stornelli MR, Sergi PN. 2018. Fast in silico assessment of physical stress for peripheral nerves. Med Biol Eng Comput 56:1541-1551.
Grewal R, Xu J, Sotereanos DG, Woo SL. 1996. Biomechanical properties of peripheral nerves. Hand Clin 12:195-204.
Gustafson KJ, Grinberg Y, Joseph S, Triolo RJ. 2012. Human distal sciatic nerve fascicular anatomy: implications for ankle control using nerve-cuff electrodes. J Rehabil Res Dev 49:309-321.
Haftek J. 1970. Stretch injury of peripheral nerve. Acute effects of stretching on rabbit nerve. J Bone Joint Surg Br 52:354-365.
Haninec P. 1986. Undulating course of nerve fibres and bands of Fontana in peripheral nerves of the rat. Anat Embryol 174:407-411.
Highet WB, Sanders FK. 1943. The effects of stretching nerves after suture. Br J Surg 30:355-369.
Hoen TI, Brackett CE. 1956. Peripheral nerve lengthening. I. Experimental. J Neurosurg 13:43-62.
Immerman I, Price AE, Alfonso I, Grossman JA. 2014. Lower extremity nerve trauma. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 72:43-52.
Islam MS, Oliveira MC, Wang Y, Henry FP, Randolph MA, Park BH, de Boer JF. 2012. Extracting structural features of rat sciatic nerve using polarization-sensitive spectral domain optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 17:056012.
Kerns J. 2008. The microstructure of peripheral nerves. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag 12:127-133.
Kerns JM, Urabe T, Bleasdale T, Zhao Q, Lundborg G, Danielsen N. 2001. Effects of gradual bone lengthening on the rabbit tibial nerve. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 35:361-368.
Kim DH, Murovic JA, Tiel R, Kline DG. 2004a. Management and outcomes in 353 surgically treated sciatic nerve lesions. J Neurosurg 101:8-17.
Kim DH, Murovic JA, Tiel RL, Kline DG. 2004b. Intrapelvic and thigh-level femoral nerve lesions: management and outcomes in 119 surgically treated cases. J Neurosurg 100:989-996.
Krackow KA. 2008. The Krackow suture: how, when, and why. Orthopedics 31:931-933.
Kwan MK, Wall EJ, Massie J, Garfin SR. 1992. Strain, stress and stretch of peripheral nerve. Rabbit experiments in vitro and in vivo. Acta Orthop Scand 63:267-272.
Liu CT, Benda CE, Lewey FH. 1948. Tensile strength of human nerves: an experimental physical and histologic study. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 59:322-336.
Love JM, Chuang T-H, Lieber RL, Shah SB. 2013. Nerve strain correlates with structural changes quantified by Fourier analysis. Muscle Nerve 48:433-435.
Ma Z, Hu S, Tan JS, Myer C, Njus NM, Xia Z. 2013. In vitro and in vivo mechanical properties of human ulnar and median nerves. J Biomed Mater Res A 101:2718-2725.
Merolli A, Mingarelli L, Rocchi L. 2012. A more detailed mechanism to explain the “Bands of Fontana” in peripheral nerves. Muscle Nerve 46:540-547.
Murovic JA. 2009a. Lower-extremity peripheral nerve injuries: a Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center literature review with comparison of the operative outcomes of 806 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center sciatic, common peroneal, and tibial nerve lesions. Neurosurgery 65:A18-A23.
Murovic JA. 2009b. Upper-extremity peripheral nerve injuries: a Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center literature review with comparison of the operative outcomes of 1837 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center median, radial, and ulnar nerve lesions. Neurosurgery 65:A11-A17.
Ridehalgh C, Moore A, Hough A. 2014. Normative sciatic nerve excursion during a modified straight leg raise test. Man Ther 19:59-64.
Rydevik BL, Kwan MK, Myers RR, Brown RA, Triggs KJ, Woo SL, Garfin SR. 1990. An in vitro mechanical and histological study of acute stretching on rabbit tibial nerve. J Orthop Res 8:694-701.
Schraut NB, Walton S, Bou Monsef J, Shott S, Serici A, Soulii L, Amirouche F, Gonzalez MH, Kerns JM. 2016. What protects certain nerves from stretch injury? Anat Rec 299:111-117.
Sunderland S. 1978. Nerves and nerve injuries. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Sunderland S. 1990. The anatomy and physiology of nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 13:771-784.
Topp KS, Boyd BS. 2006. Structure and biomechanics of peripheral nerves: nerve responses to physical stresses and implications for physical therapist practice. Phys Ther 86:92-109.
Vogl AW, Lillie MA, Piscitelli MA, Goldbogen JA, Pyenson ND, Shadwick RE. 2015. Stretchy nerves are an essential component of the extreme feeding mechanism of rorqual whales. Curr Biol 25:R360-R361.
Williams MJ, Utzinger U, Barkmeier-Kraemer JM, Vande Geest JP. 2014. Differences in the microstructure and biomechanical properties of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as a function of age and location. J Biomech Eng 136:1-9.