Comparative effectiveness of triple therapy

This real-world study compared the effectiveness of triple therapy (TT; long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)/long-acting inhaled β-agonists (LABAs)/inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs))

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflict of interest: J. Voorham was employed by OPRI, which has conducted paid research in respiratory disease on behalf of the following organisations in the past 5 years: Anaxys, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Circassia (formerly Aerocrine), GlaxoSmithKline, Harvey Walsh, Mapi, Morningside Healthcare, Mundipharma, Mylan (formerly Meda), Napp, Novartis, Orion, Plymouth University, Regeneron, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Teva, University of East Anglia, Zentiva (a Sanofi company). Conflict of interest: M. Corradi reports grants and personal fees from Chiesi Farmaceutici, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: A. Papi reports board membership, consultancy, payment for lectures, grants for research and travel expenses reimbursement from Chiesi, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim; payment for lectures and travel expenses reimbursement from Menarini, Novartis and Zambon; board membership, payment for lectures, grants for research and travel expenses reimbursement from Pfizer; Board membership, consultancy, payment for lectures and travel expenses reimbursement from Mundipharma; board membership, consultancy, payment for lectures, grants for research and travel expenses reimbursement from Teva; and grants for research from Sanofi, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: C.F. Vogelmeier reports personal fees from Almirall, Cipla, Berlin Chemie/Menarini, CSL Behring and Teva, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Grifols, Mundipharma, Novartis and Takeda, and grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Competence Network Asthma and COPD (ASCONET), Bayer Schering Pharma AG, MSD and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: D. Singh reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Therevance and Verona, and personal fees from Cipla, Genentech and Peptinnovate, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: L.M. Fabbri reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis, Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim, Zambon and Pearl Therapeutics, and personal fees from Teva and Verona Pharma, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: M. Kerkhof was employed by OPRI, which has conducted paid research in respiratory disease on behalf of the following organizations in the past 5 years: Anaxys, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Circassia (formerly Aerocrine), GlaxoSmithKline, Harvey Walsh, Mapi, Morningside Healthcare, Mundipharma, Mylan (formerly Meda), Napp, Novartis, Orion, Plymouth University, Regeneron, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Teva, University of East Anglia, Zentiva (a Sanofi company). Conflict of interest: J.H. Kocks was employed by OPRI, which has conducted paid research in respiratory disease on behalf of the following organizations in the past 5 years: Anaxys, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Circassia (formerly Aerocrine), GlaxoSmithKline, Harvey Walsh, Mapi, Morningside Healthcare, Mundipharma, Mylan (formerly Meda), Napp, Novartis, Orion, Plymouth University, Regeneron, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Teva, University of East Anglia, Zentiva (a Sanofi company). Conflict of interest: V. Carter was employed by OPRI, which has conducted paid research in respiratory disease on behalf of the following organizations in the past 5 years: Anaxys, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Circassia (formerly Aerocrine), GlaxoSmithKline, Harvey Walsh, Mapi, Morningside Healthcare, Mundipharma, Mylan (formerly Meda), Napp, Novartis, Orion, Plymouth University, Regeneron, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, Teva, University of East Anglia, Zentiva (a Sanofi company). Conflict of interest: D. Price reports grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership and payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Aerocrine; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from AKL Research and Development Ltd; consultancy agreements and lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Almirall; board membership and consultancy agreements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Amgen; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements and payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from AstraZeneca; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements and payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Boehringer Ingelheim; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from British Lung Foundation; Grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute). Board membership; Consultancy agreements; lectures/speaking engagements and funding for patient enrolment or completion of research (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Chiesi; lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Cipla; consultancy agreements and lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from GlaxoSmithKline; lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Kyorin; lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Merck; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements and lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Mylan; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements, manuscript preparation, payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses and payment for the development of educational materials (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Mundipharma; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Napp; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements, payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses, funding for patient enrolment or completion of research and payment for the development of educational materials (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Novartis; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Pfizer; board membership, grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) and lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Respiratory Effectiveness Group; board membership, grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) and lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Sanofi Genzyme; lectures/speaking engagements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Skyepharma; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute), board membership, consultancy agreements, lectures/speaking engagements, manuscript preparation, payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses and funding for patient enrolment or completion of research (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Teva; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) and consultancy agreements (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Theravance; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from UK National Health Service; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) and funding for patient enrolment or completion of research (fees paid to Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute) from Zentiva (Sanofi Generics); and acting as a peer reviewer for grant committees for Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme and Health Technology Assessment, outside the submitted work; and stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd, which produces phytopharmaceuticals; and owning 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia and UK) and 74% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore).