Cardiometabolic risk reduction after metabolic surgery.

Metabolic surgery provides the largest and most durable weight loss in persons with obesity. There is abundant randomized evidence to show its superiority over medical treatment alone in achieving improved glycemic control. Recent trials have also demonstrated a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk factor burden, whereas data from observational studies suggest an ability to reduce overt cardiovascular events and mortality. In this review, we briefly describe the surgical procedures involved and their indications. We further provide a summary of the effects of metabolic surgery on weight loss, glycemic control, and clinical outcomes.