A review on microbial contaminants in stormwater runoff and outfalls: Potential health risks and mitigation strategies.
BMPS
Fecal indicator bacteria
Microbial source tracking
Stormwater
WSUD
Zoonotic pathogens
Journal
The Science of the total environment
ISSN: 1879-1026
Titre abrégé: Sci Total Environ
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 0330500
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
20 Nov 2019
20 Nov 2019
Historique:
received:
22
05
2019
revised:
27
06
2019
accepted:
04
07
2019
entrez:
22
9
2019
pubmed:
22
9
2019
medline:
19
10
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Demands on global water supplies are increasing in response to the need to provide more food, water, and energy for a rapidly growing population. These water stressors are exacerbated by climate change, as well as the growth and urbanisation of industry and commerce. Consequently, urban water authorities around the globe are exploring alternative water sources to meet ever-increasing demands. These alternative sources are primarily treated sewage, stormwater, and groundwater. Stormwater including roof-harvested rainwater has been considered as an alternative water source for both potable and non-potable uses. One of the most significant issues concerning alternative water reuse is the public health risk associated with chemical and microbial contaminants. Several studies to date have quantified fecal indicators and pathogens in stormwater. Microbial source tracking (MST) approaches have also been used to determine the sources of fecal contamination in stormwater and receiving waters. This review paper summarizes occurrence and concentrations of fecal indicators, pathogens, and MST marker genes in urban stormwater. A section of the review highlights the removal of fecal indicators and pathogens through water sensitive urban design (WSUD) or Best Management Practices (BMPs). We also discuss approaches for assessing and mitigating health risks associated with stormwater, including a summary of existing quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models for potable and non-potable reuse of stormwater. Finally, the most critical research gaps are identified for formulating risk management strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31539962
pii: S0048-9697(19)33168-7
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.055
pmc: PMC7126443
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Sewage
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1304-1321Informations de copyright
Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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