Molecular Alterations in Thyroid Cancer: From Bench to Clinical Practice.
anaplastic thyroid cancer
clinical trials
differentiated thyroid cancer
immunotherapy
mTOR inhibitors
medullary thyroid cancer
molecular alterations
radioactive iodine resistance
targeted therapy
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Journal
Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
Titre abrégé: Genes (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101551097
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
13 09 2019
13 09 2019
Historique:
received:
12
07
2019
revised:
26
08
2019
accepted:
10
09
2019
entrez:
22
9
2019
pubmed:
22
9
2019
medline:
11
2
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Thyroid cancer comprises different clinical and histological entities. Whereas differentiated (DTCs) malignancies are sensitive to radioiodine therapy, anaplastic (ATCs) and medullary (MTCs) tumors do not uptake radioactive iodine and display aggressive features associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, in a majority of DTCs, disease evolution leads to the progressive loss of iodine sensitivity. Hence, iodine-refractory DTCs, along with ATCs and MTCs, require alternative treatments reflective of their different tumor biology. In the last decade, the molecular mechanisms promoting thyroid cancer development and progression have been extensively studied. This has led to a better understanding of the genomic landscape, displayed by thyroid malignancies, and to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Indeed, several pharmacological compounds have been developed for iodine-refractory tumors, with four multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors already available for DTCs (sorafenib and lenvatinib) and MTCs (cabozantib and vandetanib), and a plethora of drugs currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we will describe the genomic alterations and biological processes intertwined with thyroid cancer development, also providing a thorough overview of targeted drugs already tested or under investigation for these tumors. Furthermore, given the existing preclinical evidence, we will briefly discuss the potential role of immunotherapy as an additional therapeutic strategy for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31540307
pii: genes10090709
doi: 10.3390/genes10090709
pmc: PMC6771012
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antineoplastic Agents
0
Protein Kinase Inhibitors
0
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
EC 2.7.10.1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
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