Prostate cancer in young men: An emerging young adult and older adolescent challenge.
adolescent and young adult
incidence
mortality
prostate cancer
survival
Journal
Cancer
ISSN: 1097-0142
Titre abrégé: Cancer
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0374236
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 01 2020
01 01 2020
Historique:
received:
05
03
2019
revised:
12
05
2019
accepted:
27
05
2019
pubmed:
26
9
2019
medline:
3
7
2020
entrez:
26
9
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Recent observations suggest that prostate cancer is an increasing disease among older adolescents and young adults. Incidence, mortality, and survival data were obtained from the US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease database. Worldwide, the incidence of prostate cancer has increased in all groups between ages 15 and 40 years and increased globally at a steady rate averaging 2% per year since 1990 (P < .01). In the United States, this age group was >6 times more likely than older men to have distant disease at diagnosis. Stage for stage, their survival rate improved less than in older men. Whereas the overall 5-year relative survival rate in the United States for men diagnosed between ages 40 and 80 years was between 95% and 100%, it was 30% in those aged 15 to 24 years, 50% in those aged 20 to 29 years, and 80% in those aged 25 to 34 years. Prostate cancer in older adolescent and young adult men has increased in most countries. There is some evidence that this may be caused in part by underdiagnosis, prostate-specific antigen screening, and overdiagnosis. It also may be caused by trends in obesity, physical inactivity, HPV infection, substance exposure, environmental carcinogens, and/or referral patterns. How the biology of these cancers differs from that in older men and how the etiologies vary from country to country remain to be determined.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Recent observations suggest that prostate cancer is an increasing disease among older adolescents and young adults.
METHODS
Incidence, mortality, and survival data were obtained from the US National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease database.
RESULTS
Worldwide, the incidence of prostate cancer has increased in all groups between ages 15 and 40 years and increased globally at a steady rate averaging 2% per year since 1990 (P < .01). In the United States, this age group was >6 times more likely than older men to have distant disease at diagnosis. Stage for stage, their survival rate improved less than in older men. Whereas the overall 5-year relative survival rate in the United States for men diagnosed between ages 40 and 80 years was between 95% and 100%, it was 30% in those aged 15 to 24 years, 50% in those aged 20 to 29 years, and 80% in those aged 25 to 34 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Prostate cancer in older adolescent and young adult men has increased in most countries. There is some evidence that this may be caused in part by underdiagnosis, prostate-specific antigen screening, and overdiagnosis. It also may be caused by trends in obesity, physical inactivity, HPV infection, substance exposure, environmental carcinogens, and/or referral patterns. How the biology of these cancers differs from that in older men and how the etiologies vary from country to country remain to be determined.
Substances chimiques
Prostate-Specific Antigen
EC 3.4.21.77
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
46-57Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
© 2019 American Cancer Society.
Références
Salinas CA, Tsodikov A, Ishak-Howard M, Cooney KA. Prostate cancer in young men: an important clinical entity. Nat Rev Urol. 2014;11:317-323.
Sandhu DP, Munson KW, Benghiat A, Hopper IP. Natural history and prognosis of prostate carcinoma in adolescents and men under 35 years of age. Br J Urol. 1992;69:525-529.
Gaynor E. Prostate cancer. Virchows Arch Path Anat. 1938;30:602-656.
Rebbeck TR, Haas GP. Temporal trends and racial disparities in global prostate cancer prevalence. Can J Urol. 2014;21:7496-7506.
Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Crissman JD, et al. High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: an autopsy study of 249 cases. In Vitro. 1994;8:439-443.
Guileyardo JM, Johnson WD, Welsh RA, Akazaki K, Correa P. Prevalence of latent prostate carcinoma in two US populations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980;65:311-316.
Kotsis SV, et al. Early onset prostate cancer: predictors of clinical grade. J Urol. 2002;167:1659-1663.
Oakley-Girvan I, Feldman D, Eccleshall TR, et al. Risk of early-onset prostate cancer in relation to germ line polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004;13:1325-1330.
Leahy M, Spreafico F, Bleyer A. Cancer of kidney, bladder, and prostate. In: Bleyer A, Barr RD, Ries L, Whelan J, Ferrari A, eds. Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults. 2nd ed. Springer International; 2017:429-452.
Li J, Djenaba JA, Soman A, Rim SH, Master VA. Recent trends in prostate cancer incidence by age, cancer stage, and grade, the United States, 2001-2007. Prostate Cancer. 2012:691380. doi:10.1155/2012/691380
National Cancer Institute and LiveSTRONG Young Adult Alliance. Closing the Gap: Research and Care Imperatives for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer.http://www.cancer.gov/types/aya/research/ayao-August-2006.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2019.
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program.SEER*Stat Database: Incidence-SEER 9, 13 and 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2017 Submission (1973-2015, 1998-2015, and 2000-2015, respectively) <Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment>-Linked To County Attributes-Total US, 1969-2016 Counties, National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; 2018.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). GBD Compare Viz Hub. IHME, University of Washington; 2017. Accessed December 12, 2018. http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare
Lin DW, Porter M, Montgomery B. Treatment and survival outcomes in young men diagnosed with prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study. Cancer. 2009;115:2863-2871.
Trama A, Foschi R, Larranaga N, et al. Survival of male genital cancers (prostate, testis and penis) in Europe 1999-2007: results from the EUROCARE-5 study. Eur J Cancer. 2015;51:2206-2216.
American Cancer Society. History of ACS Recommendations for the Early Detection of Cancer in People Without Symptoms. https://www.cancer.org/health-care-professionals/american-cancer-society-prevention-early-detection-guidelines/overview/chronological-history-of-acs-recommendations.html. Accessed August 20, 2019.
US Preventive Services Task Force. Archived Final Recommendation Statement: Prostate Cancer: Screening, 2008. Published April 6, 2017. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prostate-cancer-screening-2008. Accessed August 20, 2019.
Barocas DA, Mallin K, Graves AJ, et al. Effect of the USPSTF grade D recommendation against screening for prostate cancer on incident prostate cancer diagnoses in the United States. J Urol. 2015;194:1587-1593.
Fleshner K, Carlsson SV, Roobol MJ. The effect of the USPSTF PSA screening recommendation on prostate cancer incidence patterns in the USA. Nat Rev Urol. 2017;14:26-37.
Shahangian S, Fan L, Taylor T Jr. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening rates in the United States, 2010-2015: implications for practice interventions. Am J Clin Pathol. 2018;149(suppl 1):S155.
Lim LS, Sherin K, ACPM Prevention Practice Committee. Screening for prostate cancer in U.S. men: ACPM position statement on preventive practice. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34:164-170.
Mulheim E, Fulbright N, Duncan N. Prostate cancer screening. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92:683-686.
Moore AL, Dimitropoulou P, Lane A, et al. Population-based prostate-specific antigen testing in the UK leads to a stage migration of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2009;104:1592-1598.
Young GJ, Harrison S, Turner EL, et al. Prostate-specific antigen testing of men in UK general practice: a 10-year longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e017729.
Godtman RA, Holmberg E, Lilja H, Stranne J, Hugosson J. Opportunistic testing versus organized prostate-specific antigen screening: outcome after 18 years in the Goteborg randomized population-based prostate cancer screening trial. Eur Urol. 2015;68:354-360.
de Sanjose S, Bruni L, Alemany L. HPV in genital cancers (at the exception of cervical cancer) and anal cancers. Presse Med. 2014;43(12 pt 2):e423-e438.
Powell IJ, Bock CH, Ruterbusch JJ, Sakr W. Evidence supports a faster growth rate and/or earlier transformation to clinically significant prostate cancer in black than in white American men, and influences racial progression and mortality disparity. J Urol. 2010;183:1792-1796.
Ali I, Julin B, Glynn A, et al. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and prostate cancer: population-based prospective cohort and experimental studies. Carcinogenesis. 2016;37:1144-1151.
Tse LA, Lee PMY, Ho WM, et al. Bisphenol A and other environmental risk factors for prostate cancer in Hong Kong. Environ Int. 2017;107:1-7.
Gurney C, Shaw J, Stanley J, Signal V, Sarfati D. Cannabis exposure and risk of testicular cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:897.
Chien F, Schwartz S, Bleyer A, Johnson R. Increasing incidence in the United States of testicular carcinoma in Hispanics. Cancer. 2014;120(17):2728-2734.
Kyrgiou M, Kalliala I, Markozannes G, et al. Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature. BMJ. 2017;356:j477.
Buschemeyer WC 3rd, Freedland SJ. Obesity and prostate cancer: epidemiology and clinical implications. Eur Urol. 2007;52:331-343.
Ferro M, Terracciano D, Buonerba C, et al. The emerging role of obesity, diet and lipid metabolism in prostate cancer. Future Oncol. 2017;13:285-293.
Peisch SF, Van Blarigan EL, Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Kenfield SA. Prostate cancer progression and mortality: a review of diet and lifestyle factors. World J Urol. 2017;35:867-874. doi:10.1007/s00345-016-1914-3
Ballon-Landa E, Parsons JK. Nutrition, physical activity, and lifestyle factors in prostate cancer prevention. Curr Opin Urol. 2018;28:55-61.
Weischenfeldt J, Korbel JO. Genomes of early onset prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol. 2017;27:481-487.
Hussein S, Satturwar S, Van der Kwast T. Young-age prostate cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2015;68:511-515.
Basiri A, de la Rosette JJ, Tabatabaei S, Woo HH, Laguna MP, Shemshaki H. Comparison of retropubic, laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy: who is the winner? World J Urol. 2018;36:609-621.