Chemoprophylaxis Vaccination: Phase I Study to Explore Stage-specific Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in US Adults.


Journal

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
ISSN: 1537-6591
Titre abrégé: Clin Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9203213

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
12 09 2020
Historique:
received: 25 06 2019
accepted: 11 10 2019
pubmed: 18 10 2019
medline: 28 4 2021
entrez: 18 10 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Chemoprophylaxis vaccination with sporozoites (CVac) with chloroquine induces protection against a homologous Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) challenge, but whether blood-stage parasite exposure is required for protection remains unclear. Chloroquine suppresses and clears blood-stage parasitemia, while other antimalarial drugs, such as primaquine, act against liver-stage parasites. Here, we evaluated CVac regimens using primaquine and/or chloroquine as the partner drug to discern whether blood-stage parasite exposure impacts protection against homologous controlled human malaria infection. In a Phase I, randomized, partial double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 36 malaria-naive adults, all CVac subjects received chloroquine prophylaxis and bites from 12-15 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes (CVac-chloroquine arm) at 3 monthly iterations, and some received postexposure primaquine (CVac-primaquine/chloroquine arm). Drug control subjects received primaquine, chloroquine, and uninfected mosquito bites. After a chloroquine washout, subjects, including treatment-naive infectivity controls, underwent homologous, PfSPZ controlled human malaria infection and were monitored for parasitemia for 21 days. No serious adverse events occurred. During CVac, all but 1 subject in the study remained blood-smear negative, while only 1 subject (primaquine/chloroquine arm) remained polymerase chain reaction-negative. Upon challenge, compared to infectivity controls, 3/3 chloroquine arm subjects displayed delayed patent parasitemia (P = .01) but not sterile protection, while 3/11 primaquine/chloroquine subjects remained blood-smear negative. CVac-primaquine/chloroquine is safe and induces sterile immunity to P. falciparum in some recipients, but a single 45 mg dose of primaquine postexposure does not completely prevent blood-stage parasitemia. Unlike previous studies, CVac-chloroquine did not produce sterile immunity. NCT01500980.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Chemoprophylaxis vaccination with sporozoites (CVac) with chloroquine induces protection against a homologous Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) challenge, but whether blood-stage parasite exposure is required for protection remains unclear. Chloroquine suppresses and clears blood-stage parasitemia, while other antimalarial drugs, such as primaquine, act against liver-stage parasites. Here, we evaluated CVac regimens using primaquine and/or chloroquine as the partner drug to discern whether blood-stage parasite exposure impacts protection against homologous controlled human malaria infection.
METHODS
In a Phase I, randomized, partial double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 36 malaria-naive adults, all CVac subjects received chloroquine prophylaxis and bites from 12-15 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes (CVac-chloroquine arm) at 3 monthly iterations, and some received postexposure primaquine (CVac-primaquine/chloroquine arm). Drug control subjects received primaquine, chloroquine, and uninfected mosquito bites. After a chloroquine washout, subjects, including treatment-naive infectivity controls, underwent homologous, PfSPZ controlled human malaria infection and were monitored for parasitemia for 21 days.
RESULTS
No serious adverse events occurred. During CVac, all but 1 subject in the study remained blood-smear negative, while only 1 subject (primaquine/chloroquine arm) remained polymerase chain reaction-negative. Upon challenge, compared to infectivity controls, 3/3 chloroquine arm subjects displayed delayed patent parasitemia (P = .01) but not sterile protection, while 3/11 primaquine/chloroquine subjects remained blood-smear negative.
CONCLUSIONS
CVac-primaquine/chloroquine is safe and induces sterile immunity to P. falciparum in some recipients, but a single 45 mg dose of primaquine postexposure does not completely prevent blood-stage parasitemia. Unlike previous studies, CVac-chloroquine did not produce sterile immunity.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT01500980.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31621832
pii: 5588862
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1010
pmc: PMC7486848
doi:

Substances chimiques

Antimalarials 0

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT01500980']

Types de publication

Clinical Trial, Phase I Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1481-1490

Subventions

Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA AI001170
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019.

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Auteurs

Sara A Healy (SA)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Sean C Murphy (SC)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Jen C C Hume (JCC)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Lisa Shelton (L)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Steve Kuntz (S)

Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Wesley C Van Voorhis (WC)

Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Zoe Moodie (Z)

Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Barbara Metch (B)

Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Ruobing Wang (R)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Tiffany Silver-Brace (T)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Matthew Fishbaugher (M)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Mark Kennedy (M)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Olivia C Finney (OC)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Richa Chaturvedi (R)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Sean R Marcsisin (SR)

Military Malaria Research Program, Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

Charlotte V Hobbs (CV)

Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Margaret Warner-Lubin (M)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
C3 Research Associates, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Angela K Talley (AK)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Sharon Wong-Madden (S)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Ken Stuart (K)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Anna Wald (A)

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Stefan H Kappe (SH)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.

James G Kublin (JG)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Patrick E Duffy (PE)

Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

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