Development of the human prepuce and its innervation.
Androgen receptor
Epidermal delamination
Frenulum
Hypospadias
Prepuce
Preputial lamina
Journal
Differentiation; research in biological diversity
ISSN: 1432-0436
Titre abrégé: Differentiation
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0401650
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
14
07
2019
revised:
03
10
2019
accepted:
08
10
2019
pubmed:
28
10
2019
medline:
9
10
2020
entrez:
27
10
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Development of the human prepuce was studied over the course of 9-17 weeks of gestation in 30 specimens. Scanning electron microscopy revealed subtle surface features that were associated with preputial development, namely the appearance of epidermal aggregates that appeared to be associated with formation of the preputial fold. Transverse and sagittal sections revealed that the epidermis of the glans is considerably thicker than that of the penile shaft. We described a novel morphogenetic mechanism of formation of the preputial lamina, namely the splitting of the thick epidermis of the glans into the preputial lamina and the epidermis via the intrusion of mesenchyme containing red blood cells and CD31-positive blood vessels. This process begins at 10-11 weeks of gestation in the proximal aspect of the glans and extends distally. The process is likely to be androgen-dependent and mediated via androgen receptors strategically localized to the morphogenetic process, but signaling through estrogen receptor may play a role. Estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) has a very limited expression in the developing human glans and prepuce, while estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) is expressed more broadly in the developing preputial lamina, epidermis and urethra. Examination of the ontogeny of innervation of the glans penis and prepuce reveals the presence of the dorsal nerve of the penis as early as 9 weeks of gestation. Nerve fibers enter the glans penis proximally and extend distally over several weeks to eventually reach the distal aspect of the glans and prepuce by 14-16 weeks of gestation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31654825
pii: S0301-4681(19)30098-2
doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.10.002
pmc: PMC6936222
mid: NIHMS1543975
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Receptors, Androgen
0
Receptors, Estrogen
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
22-40Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : K12 DK083021
Pays : United States
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 International Society of Differentiation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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