Observation of Excess J/ψ Yield at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and U+U Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
27 Sep 2019
Historique:
revised: 21 07 2019
received: 25 04 2019
entrez: 8 11 2019
pubmed: 8 11 2019
medline: 8 11 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

We report on the first measurements of J/ψ production at very low transverse momentum (p_{T}<0.2  GeV/c) in hadronic Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV and U+U collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193  GeV. Remarkably, the inferred nuclear modification factor of J/ψ at midrapidity in Au+Au (U+U) collisions reaches about 24 (52) for p_{T}<0.05  GeV/c in the 60%-80% collision centrality class. This noteworthy enhancement cannot be explained by hadronic production accompanied by cold and hot medium effects. In addition, the dN/dt distribution of J/ψ for the very low p_{T} range is presented for the first time. The distribution is consistent with that expected from the Au nucleus and shows a hint of interference. Comparison of the measurements to theoretical calculations of coherent production shows that the excess yield can be described reasonably well and reveals a partial disruption of coherent production in semicentral collisions, perhaps due to the violent hadronic interactions. Incorporating theoretical calculations, the results strongly suggest that the dramatic enhancement of J/ψ yield observed at extremely low p_{T} originates from coherent photon-nucleus interactions. In particular, coherently produced J/ψ's in violent hadronic collisions may provide a novel probe of the quark-gluon plasma.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.132302 PMID: 31697545
pubmed: 31697545
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.132302
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

132302

Auteurs

J Adam (J)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

L Adamczyk (L)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J R Adams (JR)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

J K Adkins (JK)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

G Agakishiev (G)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

M M Aggarwal (MM)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Z Ahammed (Z)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

I Alekseev (I)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

D M Anderson (DM)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

R Aoyama (R)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

A Aparin (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

D Arkhipkin (D)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

E C Aschenauer (EC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

M U Ashraf (MU)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

F Atetalla (F)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Attri (A)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

G S Averichev (GS)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

V Bairathi (V)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

K Barish (K)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

A J Bassill (AJ)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

A Behera (A)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

R Bellwied (R)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

A Bhasin (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

A K Bhati (AK)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

J Bielcik (J)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

J Bielcikova (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

L C Bland (LC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

I G Bordyuzhin (IG)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia.

J D Brandenburg (JD)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A V Brandin (AV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

J Bryslawskyj (J)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

I Bunzarov (I)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J Butterworth (J)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

H Caines (H)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez (MCB)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

D Cebra (D)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

I Chakaberia (I)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.
Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

P Chaloupka (P)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

B K Chan (BK)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

F-H Chang (FH)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Z Chang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

N Chankova-Bunzarova (N)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

A Chatterjee (A)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

S Chattopadhyay (S)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

J H Chen (JH)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

X Chen (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

J Cheng (J)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

M Cherney (M)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

W Christie (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H J Crawford (HJ)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Csanad (M)

Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

S Das (S)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

T G Dedovich (TG)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

I M Deppner (IM)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

A A Derevschikov (AA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

L Didenko (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

C Dilks (C)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

X Dong (X)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J L Drachenberg (JL)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

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Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

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University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

R Esha (R)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

S Esumi (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

J Ewigleben (J)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

S Fazio (S)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

P Federic (P)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

J Fedorisin (J)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

Y Feng (Y)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

P Filip (P)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

E Finch (E)

Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515.

Y Fisyak (Y)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

L Fulek (L)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

C A Gagliardi (CA)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

T Galatyuk (T)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

F Geurts (F)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

A Gibson (A)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

D Grosnick (D)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

A Gupta (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

W Guryn (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A I Hamad (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Hamed (A)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

J W Harris (JW)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

L He (L)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

S Heppelmann (S)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

S Heppelmann (S)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

N Herrmann (N)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

L Holub (L)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

Y Hong (Y)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Horvat (S)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

B Huang (B)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

H Z Huang (HZ)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

S L Huang (SL)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

T Huang (T)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

X Huang (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

T J Humanic (TJ)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

P Huo (P)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

G Igo (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

W W Jacobs (WW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

A Jentsch (A)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

J Jia (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

K Jiang (K)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

S Jowzaee (S)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

X Ju (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

E G Judd (EG)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Kabana (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

S Kagamaster (S)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

D Kalinkin (D)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

K Kang (K)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

D Kapukchyan (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

K Kauder (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H W Ke (HW)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D Keane (D)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Kechechyan (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

M Kelsey (M)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

D P Kikoła (DP)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

C Kim (C)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

T A Kinghorn (TA)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

I Kisel (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

A Kisiel (A)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

M Kocan (M)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

L Kochenda (L)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

L K Kosarzewski (LK)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

L Kramarik (L)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

P Kravtsov (P)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

K Krueger (K)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

N Kulathunga Mudiyanselage (NK)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

L Kumar (L)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

R Kunnawalkam Elayavalli (RK)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

J H Kwasizur (JH)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

R Lacey (R)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

J M Landgraf (JM)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Lauret (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A Lebedev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Lednicky (R)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J H Lee (JH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

C Li (C)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

W Li (W)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

W Li (W)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

X Li (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Li (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Liang (Y)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

R Licenik (R)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

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Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

A Lipiec (A)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

M A Lisa (MA)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

H Liu (H)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

P Liu (P)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

P Liu (P)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

X Liu (X)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

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Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

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Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

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Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

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University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

H S Matis (HS)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

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Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

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University of California, Davis, California 95616.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

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NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

S Mioduszewski (S)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

D Mishra (D)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

B Mohanty (B)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

M M Mondal (MM)

Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.

I Mooney (I)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

Z Moravcova (Z)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

D A Morozov (DA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

Md Nasim (M)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

K Nayak (K)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

J M Nelson (JM)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

G Nigmatkulov (G)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Niida (T)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

L V Nogach (LV)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

T Nonaka (T)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

G Odyniec (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

A Ogawa (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

K Oh (K)

Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea.

S Oh (S)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

V A Okorokov (VA)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B S Page (BS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Pak (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y Panebratsev (Y)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

B Pawlik (B)

Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.

H Pei (H)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

C Perkins (C)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

R L Pinter (RL)

Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.

J Pluta (J)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Posik (M)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

N K Pruthi (NK)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

M Przybycien (M)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J Putschke (J)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

A Quintero (A)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Ramachandran (S)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

R L Ray (RL)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

R Reed (R)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

H G Ritter (HG)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J B Roberts (JB)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

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University of California, Davis, California 95616.

L Ruan (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Rusnak (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

O Rusnakova (O)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

N R Sahoo (NR)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

P K Sahu (PK)

Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.

S Salur (S)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

J Sandweiss (J)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

W B Schmidke (WB)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

N Schmitz (N)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

B R Schweid (BR)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

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Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

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Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

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University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

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University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

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Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

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Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

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Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

W Q Shen (WQ)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

S S Shi (SS)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Q Y Shou (QY)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Siejka (S)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

R Sikora (R)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

M Simko (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.
Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Singha (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

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Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

T D S Stanislaus (TDS)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

D J Stewart (DJ)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Strikhanov (M)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B Stringfellow (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

A A P Suaide (AAP)

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970.

T Sugiura (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

M Sumbera (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

B Summa (B)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

X M Sun (XM)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Sun (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Sun (Y)

Huzhou University, Zhejiang 313000.

B Surrow (B)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

D N Svirida (DN)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia.

P Szymanski (P)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

A H Tang (AH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Tang (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

A Taranenko (A)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Tarnowsky (T)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

J H Thomas (JH)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

A R Timmins (AR)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

T Todoroki (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

M Tokarev (M)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

C A Tomkiel (CA)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

S Trentalange (S)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

R E Tribble (RE)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

P Tribedy (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S K Tripathy (SK)

Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India.

O D Tsai (OD)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

B Tu (B)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D G Underwood (DG)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

I Upsal (I)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

G Van Buren (G)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Vanek (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

A N Vasiliev (AN)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

I Vassiliev (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

F Videbæk (F)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S Vokal (S)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

S A Voloshin (SA)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

F Wang (F)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

G Wang (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

P Wang (P)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Wang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Wang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

J C Webb (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

L Wen (L)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

G D Westfall (GD)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

H Wieman (H)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

S W Wissink (SW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

R Witt (R)

United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402.

Y Wu (Y)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

Z G Xiao (ZG)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

G Xie (G)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

W Xie (W)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

H Xu (H)

Huzhou University, Zhejiang 313000.

N Xu (N)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

Q H Xu (QH)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Y F Xu (YF)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

Z Xu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

C Yang (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Q Yang (Q)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Yang (S)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y Yang (Y)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.

Z Ye (Z)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

Z Ye (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

L Yi (L)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

K Yip (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

I-K Yoo (IK)

Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea.

H Zbroszczyk (H)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

W Zha (W)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

D Zhang (D)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

L Zhang (L)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

S Zhang (S)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

S Zhang (S)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

X P Zhang (XP)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Zhang (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Z Zhang (Z)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

J Zhao (J)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

C Zhong (C)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

C Zhou (C)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

X Zhu (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Z Zhu (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

M K Zurek (MK)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Zyzak (M)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

Classifications MeSH