The Biology of General Anesthesia from Paramecium to Primate.
Journal
Current biology : CB
ISSN: 1879-0445
Titre abrégé: Curr Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9107782
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
18 11 2019
18 11 2019
Historique:
entrez:
20
11
2019
pubmed:
20
11
2019
medline:
10
9
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
General anesthesia serves a critically important function in the clinical care of human patients. However, the anesthetized state has foundational implications for biology because anesthetic drugs are effective in organisms ranging from paramecia, to plants, to primates. Although unconsciousness is typically considered the cardinal feature of general anesthesia, this endpoint is only strictly applicable to a select subset of organisms that are susceptible to being anesthetized. We review the behavioral endpoints of general anesthetics across species and propose the isolation of an organism from its environment - both in terms of the afferent arm of sensation and the efferent arm of action - as a generalizable definition. We also consider the various targets and putative mechanisms of general anesthetics across biology and identify key substrates that are conserved, including cytoskeletal elements, ion channels, mitochondria, and functionally coupled electrical or neural activity. We conclude with a unifying framework related to network function and suggest that general anesthetics - from single cells to complex brains - create inefficiency and enhance modularity, leading to the dissociation of functions both within an organism and between the organism and its surroundings. Collectively, we demonstrate that general anesthesia is not restricted to the domain of modern medicine but has broad biological relevance with wide-ranging implications for a diverse array of species.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31743680
pii: S0960-9822(19)31262-X
doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.071
pmc: PMC6902878
mid: NIHMS1543444
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anesthetics
0
Anesthetics, General
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
R1199-R1210Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM088156
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM107117
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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