Neurodevelopmental and genetic determinants of exposure to adversity among youth at risk for mental illness.
Adolescent
Adverse Childhood Experiences
/ psychology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
/ genetics
Bullying
Child
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Intelligence
/ genetics
Internal-External Control
Male
Mental Disorders
/ etiology
Multifactorial Inheritance
/ genetics
Psychopathology
Socioeconomic Factors
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
adverse childhood experiences
developmental psychopathology
gene-environment correlation
intelligence
polygenic score
Journal
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
ISSN: 1469-7610
Titre abrégé: J Child Psychol Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0375361
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
accepted:
10
10
2019
pubmed:
22
11
2019
medline:
18
9
2021
entrez:
22
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due to genetic factors. We calculated polygenic scores for ADHD and intelligence and assessed psychopathology and general cognitive ability in a sample of 297 youth aged 5-27 years enriched for offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders. We calculated an adversity score as a mean of 10 indicators, including socio-economic disadvantage, childhood maltreatment and bullying. We tested the effects of polygenic scores, externalizing symptoms and IQ on adversity scores using mixed-effects linear regression. Externalizing symptoms and general cognitive ability showed expected positive and negative relationships with adversity, respectively. Polygenic scores for intelligence were unrelated to adversity, but polygenic scores for ADHD were associated with adversity (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p < .0001). ADHD polygenic scores uniquely explained 4.0% of variance in adversity score. The relationship between polygenic scores for ADHD and adversity was independently significant among individuals with (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, p < .0001) and without (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26, p = .022) ADHD. A genetic score indexing liability to ADHD was associated with exposure to adversity in early life. Previously observed associations between externalizing symptoms, lower cognitive ability and adversity may be partially attributed to genetic liability to ADHD.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lower cognitive ability have been linked with increased likelihood of exposure to adversity. We hypothesized that these associations may be partly due to genetic factors.
METHODS
We calculated polygenic scores for ADHD and intelligence and assessed psychopathology and general cognitive ability in a sample of 297 youth aged 5-27 years enriched for offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders. We calculated an adversity score as a mean of 10 indicators, including socio-economic disadvantage, childhood maltreatment and bullying. We tested the effects of polygenic scores, externalizing symptoms and IQ on adversity scores using mixed-effects linear regression.
RESULTS
Externalizing symptoms and general cognitive ability showed expected positive and negative relationships with adversity, respectively. Polygenic scores for intelligence were unrelated to adversity, but polygenic scores for ADHD were associated with adversity (β = 0.23, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.34, p < .0001). ADHD polygenic scores uniquely explained 4.0% of variance in adversity score. The relationship between polygenic scores for ADHD and adversity was independently significant among individuals with (β = 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.75, p < .0001) and without (β = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.26, p = .022) ADHD.
CONCLUSIONS
A genetic score indexing liability to ADHD was associated with exposure to adversity in early life. Previously observed associations between externalizing symptoms, lower cognitive ability and adversity may be partially attributed to genetic liability to ADHD.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
536-544Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
ID : 124976
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : 142738
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : 148394
Pays : Canada
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.
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