The gaits of marsupials and the evolution of diagonal-sequence walking in primates.
arboreal adaptations
evolution
gaits
locomotion
marsupials
primates
Journal
American journal of physical anthropology
ISSN: 1096-8644
Titre abrégé: Am J Phys Anthropol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0400654
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2020
02 2020
Historique:
received:
04
05
2019
revised:
25
09
2019
accepted:
15
10
2019
pubmed:
26
11
2019
medline:
24
10
2020
entrez:
26
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Documenting the variety of quadrupedal walking gaits in a variety of marsupials (arboreal vs. terrestrial, with and without grasping hind feet), to aid in developing and refining a general theory of gait evolution in primates. Video records of koalas, ringtail possums, tree kangaroos, sugar gliders, squirrel gliders, wombats, numbats, quolls, a thylacine, and an opossum walking on a variety of substrates were made and analyzed to derive duty factors and diagonalities for symmetrical walking gaits. The resulting distributions of data points were compared with published data and theories. Terrestrial marsupials' gaits overwhelmingly plot slightly below the theoretical "horse line" (Cartmill et al., Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2002;136:401-420) typical of terrestrial mammals; arboreal marsupials' gaits overwhelmingly plot more decisively above it. Both distributions are roughly parallel to the horse line, but arboreal animals exhibit increased diagonality, so that their higher-speed walking gaits overlap with those of typical primates on the Hildebrand diagram of diagonality against duty factor. Quadrupeds avoid gaits lying exactly on the (theoretically optimum) horse line, to avoid fore/hind limb interference ("forging"). This can be accomplished by either a slight reduction in diagonality ("downshifting") or a more decisive increase ("upshifting"). Tree-dwellers adopt the second option to eliminate unilateral bipods of support from the gait cycle. The upshifted horse line represents an early phase in the evolution of primate-like diagonal-sequence gaits.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
182-197Subventions
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : BCS-0137930
Pays : International
Organisme : Boston University
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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