Modularity and evolution of flower shape: the role of function, development, and spandrels in Erica.
developmental modularity
flower shape
functional modularity
integration
modularity
pollination syndrome
spandrel
Journal
The New phytologist
ISSN: 1469-8137
Titre abrégé: New Phytol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9882884
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2020
04 2020
Historique:
received:
08
09
2019
accepted:
10
11
2019
pubmed:
26
11
2019
medline:
27
4
2021
entrez:
26
11
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Flowers have been hypothesized to contain either modules of attraction and reproduction, functional modules (pollination-effecting parts) or developmental modules (organ-specific). Do pollination specialization and syndromes influence floral modularity? In order to test these hypotheses and answer this question, we focused on the genus Erica: we gathered 3D data from flowers of 19 species with diverse syndromes via computed tomography, and for the first time tested the above-mentioned hypotheses via 3D geometric morphometrics. To provide an evolutionary framework for our results, we tested the evolutionary mode of floral shape, size and integration under the syndromes regime, and - for the first time - reconstructed the high-dimensional floral shape of their most recent common ancestor. We demonstrate that the modularity of the 3D shape of generalist flowers depends on development and that of specialists is linked to function: modules of pollen deposition and receipt in bird syndrome, and access-restriction to the floral reward in long-proboscid fly syndrome. Only size and shape principal component 1 showed multiple-optima selection, suggesting that they were co-opted during evolution to adapt flowers to novel pollinators. Whole floral shape followed an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (selection-driven) evolutionary model, and differentiated relatively late. Flower shape modularity thus crucially depends on pollinator specialization and syndrome.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31765023
doi: 10.1111/nph.16337
pmc: PMC7065081
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
267-280Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust.
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