Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil.
Journal
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
Titre abrégé: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101291488
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 2019
11 2019
Historique:
received:
08
01
2019
accepted:
09
10
2019
revised:
17
12
2019
pubmed:
26
11
2019
medline:
12
2
2020
entrez:
26
11
2019
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have already been subjected to mass drug administration (MDA) and in places adjoining these endemic areas. While three municipalities in Brazil have completed MDA, the epidemiological situation remains uncertain in nine adjoining municipalities. To determine the epidemiological status, this study was to perform a review of the literature and a school-based survey to describe the past and recent endemicity of lymphatic filariasis (LF) theses nine municipalities in Brazil. For review of the literature, both formal and informal literature sources were accessed since the first reports of filariasis in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil. We conducted a school-based survey in 2016 using immunochromatographic card tests (ICTs) among schoolchildren aged 6-10 years living in nine municipalities contiguous with the endemic areas in which MDA was conducted. Our review of the literature identified eight studies involving surveys demonstrating that microfilariae had been circulating in eight of the municipalities since 1967, with a low prevalence of microfilaremia, isolated autochthonous cases, and treatment of individual cases. The school-based survey included 17,222 children in 185 urban schools in the nine areas of Brazil with uncertain endemicity. One child affected by allochthonous transmission was antigen positive based on ICT and lived in a municipality adjacent to Recife; this child's family came from Recife, but no other case was diagnosed within the family. The study results suggest that there is no transmission of LF in the municipalities investigated. However, these areas have population migration and socioenvironmental conditions favorable to mosquito breeding grounds; therefore, surveillance is strongly recommended in these areas.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have already been subjected to mass drug administration (MDA) and in places adjoining these endemic areas. While three municipalities in Brazil have completed MDA, the epidemiological situation remains uncertain in nine adjoining municipalities. To determine the epidemiological status, this study was to perform a review of the literature and a school-based survey to describe the past and recent endemicity of lymphatic filariasis (LF) theses nine municipalities in Brazil.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS
For review of the literature, both formal and informal literature sources were accessed since the first reports of filariasis in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil. We conducted a school-based survey in 2016 using immunochromatographic card tests (ICTs) among schoolchildren aged 6-10 years living in nine municipalities contiguous with the endemic areas in which MDA was conducted. Our review of the literature identified eight studies involving surveys demonstrating that microfilariae had been circulating in eight of the municipalities since 1967, with a low prevalence of microfilaremia, isolated autochthonous cases, and treatment of individual cases. The school-based survey included 17,222 children in 185 urban schools in the nine areas of Brazil with uncertain endemicity. One child affected by allochthonous transmission was antigen positive based on ICT and lived in a municipality adjacent to Recife; this child's family came from Recife, but no other case was diagnosed within the family.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
The study results suggest that there is no transmission of LF in the municipalities investigated. However, these areas have population migration and socioenvironmental conditions favorable to mosquito breeding grounds; therefore, surveillance is strongly recommended in these areas.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31765388
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007836
pii: PNTD-D-18-02009
pmc: PMC6917295
doi:
Substances chimiques
Filaricides
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e0007836Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Références
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Nov 20;8(11):e3333
pubmed: 25411843
Travel Med Infect Dis. 2014 Jan-Feb;12(1):95-101
pubmed: 23518235
Trop Med Int Health. 2011 Jun;16(6):748-55
pubmed: 21395929
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2079
pubmed: 23556008
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 May 08;8(5):e2685
pubmed: 24809971
BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Dec 23;15:579
pubmed: 26700472
Trop Med Int Health. 1996 Apr;1(2):264-72
pubmed: 8665395
BMJ. 2007 Oct 20;335(7624):806-8
pubmed: 17947786
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Dec 11;8(12):e3328
pubmed: 25502758
BMJ Glob Health. 2016 Apr 6;1(1):e000021
pubmed: 28588916
Trop Med Int Health. 2000 Jan;5(1):64-71
pubmed: 10672207
Int Health. 2015 Sep;7(5):324-31
pubmed: 26311756
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Oct 4;11(10):e0005944
pubmed: 28976981
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2017 Mar-Apr;50(2):256-259
pubmed: 28562766
Parasitol Today. 1997 Oct;13(10):401-4
pubmed: 15275155
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jan 31;11(1):e0005340
pubmed: 28141812
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Apr 16;11(1):244
pubmed: 29661231
Parasit Vectors. 2015 Oct 24;8:560
pubmed: 26496983
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005 May;72(5):642-8
pubmed: 15891143
Trop Med Int Health. 2001 Aug;6(8):582-606
pubmed: 11555425
Acta Trop. 2017 Dec;176:192-196
pubmed: 28823910
Rev Bras Malariol Doencas Trop. 1967 Jan-Mar;19(1):45-51
pubmed: 5604150
Bull World Health Organ. 1997;75(6):491-503
pubmed: 9509621
Acta Trop. 2016 Nov;163:54-60
pubmed: 27427218
Trop Med Int Health. 1999 Jul;4(7):499-505
pubmed: 10470342
J Parasitol. 1971 Oct;57(5):1146-7
pubmed: 5133896
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jul 14;11(7):e0005748
pubmed: 28708825
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2006 Sep-Oct;48(5):263-7
pubmed: 17086313
Parasit Vectors. 2016 May 05;9:267
pubmed: 27151313