Higher-order discrimination learning by honeybees in a virtual environment.
insect learning
negative patterning
non-elemental learning
virtual reality
visual cognition
visual learning
Journal
The European journal of neuroscience
ISSN: 1460-9568
Titre abrégé: Eur J Neurosci
Pays: France
ID NLM: 8918110
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2020
01 2020
Historique:
received:
23
10
2019
revised:
26
11
2019
accepted:
28
11
2019
pubmed:
1
12
2019
medline:
22
6
2021
entrez:
1
12
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Non-elemental learning constitutes a cognitive challenge because events to be learned are usually ambiguous in terms of reinforcement outcome, contrary to elemental learning, which relies on unambiguous associations. Negative patterning (NP) constitutes a paradigmatic case of non-elemental learning, as subjects have to learn that single elements are reinforced while their simultaneous presentation is not reinforced (A+, B+ vs. AB-). Solving NP requires treating AB as being different from the linear sum of its components in order to overcome the ambiguity of stimulus reinforcement (i.e. A and B are as often reinforced as not reinforced). The honeybee is currently the only insect mastering NP as shown by studies restricted mainly to the olfactory domain. Here, we tested the bees' capacity to solve a NP discrimination in the visual domain and used to this end a virtual reality (VR) environment in which a tethered bee walking stationary on a spherical treadmill faces visual stimuli projected on a semicircular screen. We show that bees learn a composite grating made of alternated green and blue bars in an elemental way, and generalize their response to both a blue and a green grating. Yet, after NP training, one-quarter of the bees inhibited elemental processing and responded significantly more to the single-coloured gratings than to the composite grating. Alternative strategies were used by the other bees, which achieved partial NP learning. These results offer attractive perspectives to study different forms of visual learning in a controlled VR environment, and dissect their underlying mechanisms.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
681-694Subventions
Organisme : European Research Council
ID : 835032
Pays : International
Organisme : Human Frontier Science Program
ID : RGP0022/2014
Pays : International
Organisme : Institut Universitaire de France
Pays : International
Organisme : Agence Nationale de la Recherche
ID : ANR-13-BSV4-0004-0
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2019 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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