Demographic and psychosocial factors associated with hair cortisol concentrations in preschool children.
Adult
Adverse Childhood Experiences
/ ethnology
Black or African American
Child Behavior
Child Development
Child, Preschool
Developmental Disabilities
/ diagnosis
Female
Hair
/ chemistry
Humans
Hydrocortisone
/ analysis
Infant
Male
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
Tennessee
/ epidemiology
White People
Young Adult
Journal
Pediatric research
ISSN: 1530-0447
Titre abrégé: Pediatr Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0100714
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
22
04
2019
accepted:
13
11
2019
pubmed:
4
12
2019
medline:
1
6
2021
entrez:
3
12
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Early life stress has enduring effects on physical and mental health. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) reflect exposures to contextual stressors in early life, but are understudied in preschool children. Hair samples from children (N = 693) during clinic visits (CVs) scheduled at 1-4 years (CV1-CV4) were measured using validated assay methods for HCC. HCCs were highest at CV1 and decreased at CV2-CV4, with no sex differences. Black children had higher HCC than White/other children; these differences persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Bivariable analyses showed significant effects on HCC for Black race, with specific demographic and psychosocial factors at different ages. Multivariable analyses showed that higher HCC at CV1 were associated with Black race and male sex; at CV2 with Black race, lower maternal self-esteem, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay; at CV3 with Black race; at CV4 with maternal depression and the child's prior HCC values. HCCs were higher in Black children than White/other races; differences were related to maternal factors, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay. Public health measures to reduce disparities between Blacks and other races must also consider the long-term effects of chronic stress in early life.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Early life stress has enduring effects on physical and mental health. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) reflect exposures to contextual stressors in early life, but are understudied in preschool children.
METHODS
Hair samples from children (N = 693) during clinic visits (CVs) scheduled at 1-4 years (CV1-CV4) were measured using validated assay methods for HCC.
RESULTS
HCCs were highest at CV1 and decreased at CV2-CV4, with no sex differences. Black children had higher HCC than White/other children; these differences persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Bivariable analyses showed significant effects on HCC for Black race, with specific demographic and psychosocial factors at different ages. Multivariable analyses showed that higher HCC at CV1 were associated with Black race and male sex; at CV2 with Black race, lower maternal self-esteem, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay; at CV3 with Black race; at CV4 with maternal depression and the child's prior HCC values.
CONCLUSIONS
HCCs were higher in Black children than White/other races; differences were related to maternal factors, socioeconomic adversity, and the child's risk for developmental delay. Public health measures to reduce disparities between Blacks and other races must also consider the long-term effects of chronic stress in early life.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31791042
doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0691-2
pii: 10.1038/s41390-019-0691-2
pmc: PMC7196501
mid: NIHMS1544346
doi:
Substances chimiques
Hydrocortisone
WI4X0X7BPJ
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1119-1127Subventions
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD099296
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R21 HD090493
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R37 MH101495
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : R41 DA046983
Pays : United States
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