Telemedicine in neurology: Telemedicine Work Group of the American Academy of Neurology update.


Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
07 01 2020
Historique:
received: 28 05 2019
accepted: 06 10 2019
pubmed: 6 12 2019
medline: 18 3 2020
entrez: 6 12 2019
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

While there is strong evidence supporting the importance of telemedicine in stroke, its role in other areas of neurology is not as clear. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of evidence-based data on the role of teleneurology in the care of patients with neurologic disorders other than stroke. Studies across multiple specialties report noninferiority of evaluations by telemedicine compared with traditional, in-person evaluations in terms of patient and caregiver satisfaction. Evidence reports benefits in expediting care, increasing access, reducing cost, and improving diagnostic accuracy and health outcomes. However, many studies are limited, and gaps in knowledge remain. Telemedicine use is expanding across the vast array of neurologic disorders. More studies are needed to validate and support its use.

Identifiants

pubmed: 31801829
pii: WNL.0000000000008708
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008708
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Comment

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

30-38

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentOn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2019 American Academy of Neurology.

Auteurs

Jaime M Hatcher-Martin (JM)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Jamie Lynn Adams (JL)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Eric R Anderson (ER)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Riley Bove (R)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Tamika M Burrus (TM)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Mahan Chehrenama (M)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Mary Dolan O'Brien (M)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Dawn S Eliashiv (DS)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Deniz Erten-Lyons (D)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Barbara S Giesser (BS)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Lauren R Moo (LR)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Pushpa Narayanaswami (P)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Marvin A Rossi (MA)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Madhu Soni (M)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Nauman Tariq (N)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Jack W Tsao (JW)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Bert B Vargas (BB)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Scott A Vota (SA)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Scott R Wessels (SR)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia. practice@aan.com.

Hannah Planalp (H)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

Raghav Govindarajan (R)

From Department of Neurology (J.M.H.-M.), Emory University Brain Health Center, Atlanta, GA; SOC Telemed (J.M.H.-M., T.M.B.), Reston, VA; Department of Neurology (J.L.A.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Intensive Neuro (E.R.A.), Gulfport, FL; Sandler Neurosciences Center (R.B.), University of California, San Francisco; iNeuro Headache Specialist (M.C.), McLean, VA; American Academy of Neurology (M.D.O., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; UCLA Seizure Disorder Center (D.S.E.) and Reed Neurological Research Center (B.S.G.), University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (D.E.-L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland; Department of Neurology (L.R.M.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (P.N.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Rush Epilepsy Center (M.A.R.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (M.S.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (N.T.), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (J.W.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.B.V.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Neurology (S.A.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (H.P.), National Center, Dallas, TX; and Department of Neurology (R.G.), University of Missouri, Columbia.

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