Small RNAs in parasitic nematodes - forms and functions.
Extracellular vesicle
Piwi-interacting RNA
gene regulation
microRNA
nematode
parasite
small interfering RNA
Journal
Parasitology
ISSN: 1469-8161
Titre abrégé: Parasitology
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0401121
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2020
07 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
18
12
2019
medline:
6
3
2021
entrez:
18
12
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Small RNAs are important regulators of gene expression. They were first identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, but it is now apparent that the main small RNA silencing pathways are functionally conserved across diverse organisms. Availability of genome data for an increasing number of parasitic nematodes has enabled bioinformatic identification of small RNA sequences. Expression of these in different lifecycle stages is revealed by small RNA sequencing and microarray analysis. In this review we describe what is known of the three main small RNA classes in parasitic nematodes - microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) - and their proposed functions. miRNAs regulate development in C. elegans and the temporal expression of parasitic nematode miRNAs suggest modulation of target gene levels as parasites develop within the host. miRNAs are also present in extracellular vesicles released by nematodes in vitro, and in plasma from infected hosts, suggesting potential regulation of host gene expression. Roles of piRNAs and siRNAs in suppressing target genes, including transposable elements, are also reviewed. Recent successes in RNAi-mediated gene silencing, and application of small RNA inhibitors and mimics will continue to advance understanding of small RNA functions within the parasite and at the host-parasite interface.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31843030
doi: 10.1017/S0031182019001689
pii: S0031182019001689
pmc: PMC7284814
mid: EMS85014
doi:
Substances chimiques
MicroRNAs
0
RNA, Small Interfering
0
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
855-864Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 086823
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 094751
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/M003949
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/J500732
Pays : United Kingdom
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