Effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax on prices and affordability of soft drinks in Chile: A time series analysis.
Affordability
Chile
Fiscal policy
Price
Soda
Soft drink
Sugar-sweetened beverage
Tax
Taxation
Journal
Social science & medicine (1982)
ISSN: 1873-5347
Titre abrégé: Soc Sci Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8303205
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2020
01 2020
Historique:
received:
20
05
2019
revised:
19
11
2019
accepted:
27
11
2019
pubmed:
22
12
2019
medline:
11
2
2021
entrez:
22
12
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Chile is one of several countries that recently implemented a fiscal policy to reduce soft drink (SD) intake and obesity. In 2014 the government increased the existing ad-valorem tax on high-sugar SD by 5% and decreased by 3% the tax on low-sugar SD, based on a 6.25gr/100 ml sugar threshold. This study aims to evaluate the tax modification passed-on to consumers through prices, and to calculate changes in affordability of SDs. We analysed nationally representative consumer price index data of 41 soft drinks within 6 beverage categories between 2009 and 2016. Price change post-tax implementation was estimated for different categories (carbonates, juices, concentrates, waters and energy-sport drinks), using time-series analyses. In addition, changes in affordability were evaluated by estimating the changes in prices relative to wages. The price of carbonates increased by 5.60% (CI 95% 3.18-8.03%) immediately after the tax was implemented. A sustained increase in the prices of concentrates was observed after the implementation. Unexpectedly, a smaller increase was also seen for the price of bottled water - a category that saw no tax change. There were no effects for juices and energy-sports drinks. There was a reduction in affordability for carbonates, concentrates and waters. Overall, the fiscal policy was effective in increasing prices and there are some signs of reduced affordability. Results varied substantially among categories directly affected by the tax policy. While for carbonates the price increase exceeded the tax change ('over-shifting'), in other categories subject to a tax cut, a price reduction was expected but the opposite occurred. As the effect of the tax on prices differed between categories, the effects of the tax policy on consumption patterns are likely to be mixed. Our findings underline the need to better understand and anticipate price setting behaviour of firms in response to a tax.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31862547
pii: S0277-9536(19)30703-8
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112708
pmc: PMC7267770
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
112708Subventions
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N026640/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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