Vitamin D testing: advantages and limits of the current assays.
Journal
European journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1476-5640
Titre abrégé: Eur J Clin Nutr
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8804070
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2020
02 2020
Historique:
received:
28
10
2019
accepted:
18
12
2019
revised:
17
12
2019
pubmed:
8
1
2020
medline:
25
6
2021
entrez:
8
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has become a pandemic health problem with a consequent increase of requests for determining circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. However, the analytical performance of these immunoassays, including radioimmunoassay and ELISA, is highly variable, and even mass spectrometric methods, which nowadays serves as the gold standard for the quantitatively determination of 25(OH)D, do not necessarily produce comparable results, creating limitations for the definition of normal vitamin D status ranges. To solve this problem, great efforts have been made to promote standardization of laboratory assays, which is important to achieve comparable results across different methods and manufacturers. In this review, we performed a systematic analysis evaluating critically the advantages and limits of the current assays available for the measure of vitamin D status, i.e., circulating 25(OH)D and its metabolites, making suggestions that could be used in the clinical practice. Moreover, we also suggest the use of alternatives to blood test, including standardized surveys that may be of value in alerting health-care professionals about the vitamin D status of their patients.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31907366
doi: 10.1038/s41430-019-0553-3
pii: 10.1038/s41430-019-0553-3
doi:
Substances chimiques
Vitamins
0
Vitamin D
1406-16-2
Calcifediol
P6YZ13C99Q
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
231-247Références
Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:153–65.
pubmed: 28516265
Hollis BW, Kamerud JQ, Selvaag SR, Lorenz JD, Napoli JL. Determination of vitamin D status by radioimmunoassay with an 125I-labeled tracer. Clin Chem. 1993;39:529–33.
pubmed: 8448871
Ersfeld DL, Rao DS, Body JJ, Sackrison JL Jr, Miller AB, Parikh N, et al. Analytical and clinical validation of the 25 OH vitamin D assay for the LIAISON automated analyzer. Clin Biochem. 2004;37:867–74.
pubmed: 15369717
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–81.
pubmed: 17634462
Roux C, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Papapoulos SE, de Papp AE, West JA, Bouillon R. New insights into the role of vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis management: an expert roundtable discussion. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24:1363–70.
pubmed: 18387220
Muscogiuri G, Altieri B, Annweiler C, Balercia G, Pal HB, Boucher BJ, et al. Vitamin D and chronic diseases: the current state of the art. Arch Toxicol. 2017;91:97–107.
pubmed: 27425218
Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Altieri B, Di Somma C, Bhattoa H, Laudisio D, et al. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Myths and realities with regard to cardiovascular risk. Curr Vasc Pharm. 2019;17:610–7.
Herrmann M, Sullivan DR, Veillard AS, McCorquodale T, Straub IR, Scott R, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a predictor of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:521–8.
pubmed: 25524951
Grant WB, Moukayed M. Vitamin D3 from ultraviolet-B exposure or oral intake in relation to cancer incidence and mortality. Curr Nutr Rep. 2019;8:203–11.
pubmed: 31055734
Altieri B, Grant WB, Della Casa S, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, et al. Vitamin D and pancreas: the role of sunshine vitamin in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57:3472–88.
pubmed: 27030935
Altieri B, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Mathieu C, Vallone CV, Mascitelli L, et al. Does vitamin D play a role in autoimmune endocrine disorders? A proof of concept. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:335–46.
pubmed: 28070798
Muscogiuri G, Altieri B, Penna-Martinez M, Badenhoop K. Focus on vitamin D and the adrenal gland. Horm Metab Res. 2015;47:239–46.
pubmed: 25723858
Farrell CJ, Martin S, McWhinney B, Straub I, Williams P, Herrmann M. State-of-the-art vitamin D assays: a comparison of automated immunoassays with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Clin Chem. 2012;58:531–42.
pubmed: 22230812
Enko D, Fridrich L, Rezanka E, Stolba R, Ernst J, Wendler I, et al. 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D status: limitations in comparison and clinical interpretation of serum-levels across different assay methods. Clin Lab. 2014;60:1541–50.
pubmed: 25291951
Bikle DD. Vitamin D assays. Front Horm Res. 2018;50:14–30.
pubmed: 29597233
Rahme M, Al-Shaar L, Singh R, Baddoura R, Halaby G, Arabi A, et al. Limitations of platform assays to measure serum 25OHD level impact on guidelines and practice decision making. Metabolism. 2018;89:1–7.
pubmed: 30227144
pmcid: 6258831
Binkley N, Krueger DC, Morgan S, Wiebe D. Current status of clinical 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement: an assessment of between-laboratory agreement. Clin Chim Acta. 2010;411:1976–82.
pubmed: 20713030
pmcid: 3058672
Stokes CS, Lammert F, Volmer DA. Analytical methods for quantification of vitamin D and implications for research and clinical practice. Anticancer Res. 2018;38:1137–44.
pubmed: 29374750
Tirabassi G, Salvio G, Altieri B, Ronchi CL, Della Casa S, Pontecorvi A, et al. Adrenal disorders: is there any role for vitamin D? Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:355–62.
pubmed: 27761790
Muscogiuri G, Altieri B, de Angelis C, Palomba S, Pivonello R, Colao A, et al. Shedding new light on female fertility: the role of vitamin D. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:273–83.
pubmed: 28102491
Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, Clinton SK, et al. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:53–8.
pubmed: 21118827
Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency revisited. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:1153–8.
pubmed: 22442274
Hollis BW. Editorial: The determination of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: no easy task. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3149–51.
pubmed: 15240585
Moreau E, Bacher S, Mery S, Le Goff C, Piga N, Vogeser M, et al. Performance characteristics of the VIDAS(R) 25-OH Vitamin D Total assay - comparison with four immunoassays and two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods in a multicentric study. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:45–53.
pubmed: 26124054
Koivula MK, Matinlassi N, Laitinen P, Risteli J. Four automated 25-OH total vitamin D immunoassays and commercial liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry in Finnish population. Clin Lab. 2013;59:397–405.
pubmed: 23724631
Moon HW, Cho JH, Hur M, Song J, Oh GY, Park CM, et al. Comparison of four current 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays. Clin Biochem. 2012;45:326–30.
pubmed: 22244986
Hsu SA, Soldo J, Gupta M. Evaluation of two automated immunoassays for 25-OH vitamin D: comparison against LC-MS/MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2013;136:139–45.
pubmed: 23202147
Holmes EW, Garbincius J, McKenna KM. Analytical variability among methods for the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D: still adding to the noise. Am J Clin Pathol. 2013;140:550–60.
pubmed: 24045553
Martins-Costa P, Martins H, Bravo F, Cruz M, Reis J, Oliveira JC. Comparison of automated methods for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Clin Lab. 2013;59:885–91.
pubmed: 24133920
Klapkova E, Cepova J, Pechova M, Dunovska K, Kotaska K, Prusa R. A comparison of four methods (immunochemistry and HPLC) for determination of 25-(OH)-vitamin D in postmenopausal women. Clin Lab. 2017;63:385–8.
pubmed: 28182348
Wyness SP, Straseski JA. Performance characteristics of six automated 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: mind your 3s and 2s. Clin Biochem. 2015;48:1089–96.
pubmed: 26272200
Atef SH. Vitamin D assays in clinical laboratory: past, present and future challenges. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;175:136–7.
pubmed: 28242262
Carter GD, Carter R, Jones J, Berry J. How accurate are assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D? Data from the International Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme. Clin Chem. 2004;50:2195–7.
pubmed: 15375018
510(K) FDA submission. Substantial equivalence determination. Decision summary. Assay only template. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/reviews/K071480.pdf (2012).
Fuleihan Gel H, Bouillon R, Clarke B, Chakhtoura M, Cooper C, McClung M, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: variability, knowledge gaps, and the concept of a desirable range. J Bone Min Res. 2015;30:1119–33.
Farrell CJ, Herrmann M. Determination of vitamin D and its metabolites. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;27:675–88.
pubmed: 24094638
Lim YK, Park AJ, Kweon OJ, Choi JH. Performance evaluation and measurement uncertainty determination of the new version of the Abbott ARCHITECT 25-OH vitamin D 5P02 assay. Am J Clin Pathol. 2019;151:209–16.
pubmed: 30307462
Madenci OC, Orcun A, Yildiz Z, Sirmali R, Tuncbilek N, Yucel N, et al. Evaluation of new Beckman Coulter 25(OH) Vitamin D assay and potential improvement of clinical interpretation. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2017;27:332–41.
Gardien P, Moineau MP, Kerspern H, Bordron A, Carre JL. [Comparative study of parathormone and vitamin D measurements by three automats: ADVIA Centaur XP(R) (Siemens), ISYS(R) (IDS) and Liaison(R) (Diasorin)]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2014;72:443–52.
Denimal D, Roux S, Duvillard L. Evaluation of the new restandardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay on the iSYS platform. Clin Biochem. 2018;52:156–60.
pubmed: 29174995
Asif M, Groboske SE, Leung EKY, Yeo KJ, van Wijk XMR. Evaluation of a new generation automated assay for 25-hydroxy vitamin D based on competitive protein binding. J Appl Lab Med. 2019;4:247–53.
pubmed: 31639671
Bonelli FH, Hollis BW. Detection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum using receptor assisted chemiluminescent hormone assay technology. In: Feldman DP, Pike JW, Bouillon R, Giovannucci E, Goltzman D, Hewison M, editors. Vitamin D. 4th edn. London: Academic Press; 2018. p. 903–7.
Garnett E, Li J, Rajapakshe D, Tam E, Meng QH, Devaraj S. Efficacy of two vitamin D immunoassays to detect 25-OH vitamin D2 and D3. Pract Lab Med. 2019;17:e00130.
pubmed: 31428669
pmcid: 6695248
de Koning L, Al-Turkmani MR, Berg AH, Shkreta A, Law T, Kellogg MD. Variation in clinical vitamin D status by DiaSorin Liaison and LC-MS/MS in the presence of elevated 25-OH vitamin D2. Clin Chim Acta. 2013;415:54–8.
pubmed: 22975531
Carter GD, Berry J, Durazo-Arvizu R, Gunter E, Jones G, Jones J, et al. Hydroxyvitamin D assays: An historical perspective from DEQAS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;177:30–5.
pubmed: 28734989
Hollis BW. Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:507S–10S.
pubmed: 18689391
Phinney KW, Tai SS, Bedner M, Camara JE, Chia RRC, Sander LC, et al. Development of an improved standard reference material for vitamin D metabolites in human serum. Anal Chem. 2017;89:4907–13.
pubmed: 28375002
pmcid: 5575745
Stepman HC, Vanderroost A, Van Uytfanghe K, Thienpont LM. Candidate reference measurement procedures for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 by using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2011;57:441–8.
pubmed: 21248072
Volmer DA, Mendes LR, Stokes CS. Analysis of vitamin D metabolic markers by mass spectrometry: current techniques, limitations of the “gold standard” method, and anticipated future directions. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2015;34:2–23.
pubmed: 24318020
Herrmann M, Farrell CL, Pusceddu I, Fabregat-Cabello N, Cavalier E. Assessment of vitamin D status - a changing landscape. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55:3–26.
pubmed: 27362963
Cavalier E, Souberbielle JC. Vitamin D and its metabolites: from now and beyond. EJIFCC. 2018;29:105–10.
pubmed: 30050393
pmcid: 6053816
Zelzer SG, W; Herrmann, M. Measurement of vitamin D metabolites by mass spectrometry, an analytical challenge. J Lab Precis Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.21037/jlpm.2018.11.06 .
Garg U. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D testing: immunoassays versus tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Lab Med. 2018;38:439–53.
pubmed: 30115390
Burdette CQ, Camara JE, Nalin F, Pritchett J, Sander LC, Carter GD, et al. Establishing an accuracy basis for the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS). J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1277–87.
pubmed: 28847346
Carter GD, Ahmed F, Berry J, Cavalier E, Durazo-Arvizu R, Gunter E, et al. External quality assessment of 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24, 25(OH)2D3) assays. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;187:130–3.
pubmed: 30476591
Wise SA, Phinney KW, Tai SS, Camara JE, Myers GL, Durazo-Arvizu R, et al. Baseline assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay performance: a Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) Interlaboratory Comparison Study. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1244–52.
pubmed: 28822355
Cavalier E, Lukas P, Crine Y, Peeters S, Carlisi A, Le Goff C, et al. Evaluation of automated immunoassays for 25(OH)-vitamin D determination in different critical populations before and after standardization of the assays. Clin Chim Acta. 2014;431:60–5.
pubmed: 24508999
Cavalier E, Lukas P, Bekaert AC, Carlisi A, Le Goff C, Delanaye P, et al. Analytical and clinical validation of the new Abbot Architect 25(OH)D assay: fit for purpose? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55:378–84.
pubmed: 27522099
Abou El Hassan M, Lin DCC, Earle T, Spencer M, Blasutig IM. Analytical evaluation of the BioPlex(R) 2200 25-OH vitamin D total assay. Clin Biochem. 2016;49:723–5.
pubmed: 27112381
Al-Haddad FA, Rajab MH, Al-Qallaf SM, Musaiger AO, Hart KH. Assessment of vitamin D levels in newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus comparing two methods of measurement: a facility's experience in the Middle Eastern country of Bahrain. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2016;9:11–6.
pubmed: 26869807
pmcid: 4734799
Annema W, Nowak A, von Eckardstein A, Saleh L. Evaluation of the new restandardized Abbott Architect 25-OH Vitamin D assay in vitamin D-insufficient and vitamin D-supplemented individuals. J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32:e22328.
pubmed: 28926129
Berry DJ, Dutton J, Fraser WD, Jarvelin MR, Hypponen E. Harmonization study between LC-MS/MS and diasorin RIA for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a large population survey. J Clin Lab Anal. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22049 .
pmcid: 5484299
Cavalier E, Lukas P, Bekaert AC, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Yayo E, et al. Analytical and clinical evaluation of the new Fujirebio Lumipulse(R)G non-competitive assay for 25(OH)-vitamin D and three immunoassays for 25(OH)D in healthy subjects, osteoporotic patients, third trimester pregnant women, healthy African subjects, hemodialyzed and intensive care patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016;54:1347–55.
pubmed: 26741345
Dowling KG, Hull G, Sundvall J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Cashman KD. Improved accuracy of an tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method measuring 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D metabolites in serum using unspiked controls and its application to determining cross-reactivity of a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. J Chromatogr A. 2017;1497:102–9.
pubmed: 28372841
Gorman S, Zafirau MZ, Lim EM, Clarke MW, Dhamrait G, Fleury N, et al. High-dose intramuscular vitamin D provides long-lasting moderate increases in serum 25-hydroxvitamin D levels and shorter-term changes in plasma calcium. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1337–44.
pubmed: 28492140
Ihara H, Kiuchi S, Ishige T, Nishimura M, Matsushita K, Satoh M, et al. Surveillance evaluation of the standardization of assay values for serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Japan. Ann Clin Biochem. 2018;55:647–56.
pubmed: 29534611
Lee S, Kim JH, Kim SA, Sun YS, Lee A, Park SJ, et al. A rapid and simple liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum: comparison with two automated immunoassays. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2016;46:645–53.
pubmed: 27993879
Li L, Zeng Q, Yuan J, Xie Z. Performance evaluation of two immunoassays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2016;58:186–92.
pubmed: 27257343
pmcid: 4865603
Nikooyeh B, Samiee SM, Farzami MR, Alavimajd H, Zahedirad M, Kalayi A, et al. Harmonization of serum 25-hydroxycalciferol assay results from high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme immunoassay, radioimmunoassay, and immunochemiluminescence systems: a multicenter study. J Clin Lab Anal. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22117 .
pmcid: 6817016
Scharla SH, Lempert UG. Evaluation of an automated competitive protein-binding assay for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Clin Lab. 2016;62:1781–6.
pubmed: 28164599
Spanaus K, von Eckardstein A. Evaluation of two fully automated immunoassay based tests for the measurement of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human serum and comparison with LC-MS/MS. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55:1305–14.
pubmed: 28245186
Galior K, Ketha H, Grebe S, Singh RJ. 10 years of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D testing by LC-MS/MS-trends in vitamin-D deficiency and sufficiency. Bone Rep. 2018;8:268–73.
pubmed: 29955644
pmcid: 6020395
Dirks NF, Ackermans MT, Lips P, de Jongh RT, Vervloet MG, de Jonge R, et al. The when, what & how of measuring vitamin D metabolism in clinical medicine. Nutrients. 2018;10:E482.
pubmed: 29652819
Perez-Lopez FR. Vitamin D: the secosteroid hormone and human reproduction. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007;23:13–24.
pubmed: 17484507
Perez-Lopez FR. Vitamin D and its implications for musculoskeletal health in women: an update. Maturitas. 2007;58:117–37.
pubmed: 17604580
Omi K, Ando T, Sakyu T, Shirakawa T, Uchida Y, Oka A, et al. Noncompetitive immunoassay detection system for haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies. Clin Chem. 2015;61:627–35.
pubmed: 25695852
The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Bone Metabolism (C-BM). http://www.ifcc.org/ifcc-scientific-division/sd-committees/c-bm/ (2019).
Phinney KW, Sempos CT, Tai SS, Camara JE, Wise SA, Eckfeldt JH, et al. Baseline assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D reference material and proficiency testing/external quality assurance material commutability: a vitamin D standardization program study. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1288–93.
pubmed: 28797319
Sempos CT, Betz JM, Camara JE, Carter GD, Cavalier E, Clarke MW, et al. General steps to standardize the laboratory measurement of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1230–3.
pubmed: 28766476
Rabenberg M, Scheidt-Nave C, Busch MA, Thamm M, Rieckmann N, Durazo-Arvizu RA, et al. Implications of standardization of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data for the evaluation of vitamin D status in Germany, including a temporal analysis. BMC Public Health. 2018;18:845.
pubmed: 29980236
pmcid: 6035438
Bjerg LN, Halgreen JR, Hansen SH, Morris HA, Jorgensen NR. An evaluation of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay standardization: where are we today? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;190:224–33.
pubmed: 30940597
Erdman P, Palmer-Toy DE, Horowitz G, Hoofnagle A. Accuracy-based vitamin D survey: six years of quality improvement guided by proficiency testing. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2019;143:1531–8.
pubmed: 31116045
Elsenberg E, Ten Boekel E, Huijgen H, Heijboer AC. Standardization of automated 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays: how successful is it? Clin Biochem. 2017;50:1126–30.
pubmed: 28668468
Ginsberg C, Katz R, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum BR, Chonchol M, Shlipak MG, et al. The 24,25 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D ratio and fracture risk in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Bone. 2018;107:124–30.
pubmed: 29155243
Tryfonidou MA, Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis MA, Mol JA, van den Ingh TS, van den Brom WE, Hazewinkel HA. 24-Hydroxylase: potential key regulator in hypervitaminosis D3 in growing dogs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003;284:E505–13.
pubmed: 12441310
Berg AH, Powe CE, Evans MK, Wenger J, Ortiz G, Zonderman AB, et al. 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin d3 and vitamin D status of community-dwelling black and white Americans. Clin Chem. 2015;61:877–84.
pubmed: 25922442
pmcid: 4686255
Bosworth CR, Levin G, Robinson-Cohen C, Hoofnagle AN, Ruzinski J, Young B, et al. The serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, a marker of vitamin D catabolism, is reduced in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012;82:693–700.
pubmed: 22648296
pmcid: 3434313
Schlingmann KP, Kaufmann M, Weber S, Irwin A, Goos C, John U, et al. Mutations in CYP24A1 and idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:410–21.
pubmed: 21675912
Molin A, Baudoin R, Kaufmann M, Souberbielle JC, Ryckewaert A, Vantyghem MC, et al. CYP24A1 mutations in a cohort of hypercalcemic patients: evidence for a recessive trait. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:E1343–52.
pubmed: 26214117
Ferraro PM, Minucci A, Primiano A, De Paolis E, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, et al. A novel CYP24A1 genotype associated to a clinical picture of hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis and low bone mass. Urolithiasis. 2017;45:291–4.
pubmed: 27639704
Tai SS, Nelson MA. Candidate reference measurement procedure for the determination of (24R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human serum using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2015;87:7964–70.
pubmed: 26171884
Wise SA, Tai SS, Burdette CQ, Camara JE, Bedner M, Lippa KA, et al. Role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in support of the vitamin D initiative of the National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1260–76.
pubmed: 28863788
Peris P, Filella X, Monegal A, Guanabens N, Foj L, Bonet M, et al. Concordance between direct and indirect measurements of free 25-OH vitamin D. Clin Chim Acta. 2017;475:169–71.
pubmed: 29056531
Malmstroem S, Rejnmark L, Imboden JB, Shoback DM, Bikle DD. Current assays to determine free 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1323–7.
pubmed: 28492133
Bailey D, Veljkovic K, Yazdanpanah M, Adeli K. Analytical measurement and clinical relevance of vitamin D(3) C3-epimer. Clin Biochem. 2013;46:190–6.
pubmed: 23153571
Satoh M, Ishige T, Ogawa S, Nishimura M, Matsushita K, Higashi T, et al. Development and validation of the simultaneous measurement of four vitamin D metabolites in serum by LC-MS/MS for clinical laboratory applications. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408:7617–27.
pubmed: 27526091
Kvaskoff D, Ko P, Simila HA, Eyles DW. Distribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in dried blood spots and implications for its quantitation by tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012;901:47–52.
Mathew EM, Moorkoth S, Rane PD, Lewis L, Rao P. Cost-effective HPLC-UV method for quantification of vitamin D2 and D3 in dried blood spot: a potential adjunct to newborn screening for prophylaxis of intractable paediatric seizures. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2019;67:88–95.
Heath AK, Williamson EJ, Ebeling PR, Kvaskoff D, Eyles DW, English DR. Measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in archived dried blood spots are reliable and accurately reflect those in plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:3319–24.
pubmed: 24885629
Makowski AJ, Rathmacher JA, Horst RL, Sempos CT. Simplified 25-hydroxyvitamin D standardization and optimization in dried blood spots by LC-MS/MS. J AOAC Int. 2017;100:1328–36.
pubmed: 28492134
Jensen BP, Saraf R, Ma J, Berry S, Grant CC, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Quantitation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in dried blood spots by 2D LC-MS/MS without derivatization and correlation with serum in adult and pediatric studies. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;481:61–8.
pubmed: 29475000
Man PW, Heijboer AC, van der Meer IM, Lin W, Numans ME, Lips P, et al. Agreement between measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in dried blood spot samples and serum in a Chinese population in the Netherlands. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;195:105472.
pubmed: 31550504
Eyles D, Anderson C, Ko P, Jones A, Thomas A, Burne T, et al. A sensitive LC/MS/MS assay of 25OH vitamin D3 and 25OH vitamin D2 in dried blood spots. Clin Chim Acta. 2009;403:145–51.
pubmed: 19232332
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD-MBD Update Working Group. KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2017;7:1–59.
Grant WB, Karras SN, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Annweiler C, Boucher BJ, Juzeniene A, et al. Do studies reporting ‘U’-shaped serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D-health outcome relationships reflect adverse effects? Dermatoendocrinology. 2016;8:e1187349.
Annweiler C, Duval G, Launay CP. Estimating vitamin D status and the choice of supplementation dose. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:865.
pubmed: 27273491
Weaver CM, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Shanahan CJ. Cost-benefit analysis of calcium and vitamin D supplements. Arch Osteoporos. 2019;14:50.
pubmed: 31041620
pmcid: 6491825
van der Velde RY, Brouwers JR, Geusens PP, Lems WF, van den Bergh JP. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation: state of the art for daily practice. Food Nutr Res. 2014;58 https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v58.21796 .
Bolek-Berquist J, Elliott ME, Gangnon RE, Gemar D, Engelke J, Lawrence SJ, et al. Use of a questionnaire to assess vitamin D status in young adults. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12:236–43.
pubmed: 18752694
Gagnon C, Baillargeon JP, Desmarais G, Fink GD. Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in women of reproductive age living in northern latitude. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;163:819–24.
pubmed: 20813789
Formiga F, Ferrer A, Almeda J, San Jose A, Gil A, Pujol R. Utility of geriatric assessment tools to identify 85-years old subjects with vitamin D deficiency. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15:110–4.
pubmed: 21365163
Hacker-Thompson A, Schloetter M, Sellmeyer DE. Validation of a dietary vitamin D questionnaire using multiple diet records and the block 98 health habits and history questionnaire in healthy postmenopausal women in northern California. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:419–23.
pubmed: 22896857
Annweiler C, Schott AM, Beauchet O. Proposal and validation of a quick question to rate the influence of sun exposure in geriatric epidemiological studies on vitamin D. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012;82:412–6.
pubmed: 23823927
Tsagari A, Toulis KA, Makras P, Skagias K, Galanos A, Lyritis G. Performance of the mini nutritional assessment score in the detection of vitamin D status in an elderly Greek population. Horm Metab Res. 2012;44:896–9.
pubmed: 22692927
Chevallereau G, Gleyses X, Roussel L, Hamdan S, Beauchet O, Annweiler C. Proposal and validation of a quick question to rate the influence of diet in geriatric epidemiological studies on vitamin d. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2013;83:254–8.
pubmed: 25008016
Nabak AC, Johnson RE, Keuler NS, Hansen KE. Can a questionnaire predict vitamin D status in postmenopausal women? Public Health Nutr. 2014;17:739–46.
pubmed: 23870503
Hamdan S, Roussel L, Gleyses X, Chevallereau G, Schott AM, Beauchet O, et al. Detection of hypovitaminosis D in older adults: a classification tree analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:1193–5.
pubmed: 24925558
Annweiler C, Kabeshova A, Legeay M, Fantino B, Beauchet O. Derivation and validation of a clinical diagnostic tool for the identification of older community-dwellers with hypovitaminosis D. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16:536 e8–19.
Deschasaux M, Souberbielle JC, Andreeva VA, Sutton A, Charnaux N, Kesse-Guyot E, et al. Quick and easy screening for vitamin D insufficiency in adults: a scoring system to be implemented in daily clinical practice. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95:e2783.
Chevallereau G, Legeay M, Duval GT, Karras SN, Fantino B, Annweiler C. Profiling older community-dwellers with hypovitaminosis D: a classification tree analysis. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2019;1–5.
Annweiler C, Riou J, Alessandri A, Gicquel D, Henni S, Feart C, et al. Clinical identification of geriatric patients with hypovitaminosis D: the ‘Vitamin D Status Predictor for Geriatrics’ Study. Nutrients. 2017;9:E658.
pubmed: 28653996
Annweiler C, Kabeshova A, Callens A, Paty ML, Duval GT, Holick MF. Self-administered Vitamin D status predictor: older adults are able to use a self-questionnaire for evaluating their vitamin D status. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0186578.
pubmed: 29091930
pmcid: 5665517
Annweiler C, Legrand E, Souberbielle JC. Vitamin D in adults: update on testing and supplementation. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil. 2018;16:7–22.
pubmed: 29569569