Cocaine, polysubstance abuse, and oral health outcomes, NHANES 2009 to 2014.
cocaine
dental caries
oral health
periodontitis
public health
substance-related disorders
Journal
Journal of periodontology
ISSN: 1943-3670
Titre abrégé: J Periodontol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8000345
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2020
Aug 2020
Historique:
revised:
20
11
2019
received:
05
09
2019
accepted:
04
12
2019
medline:
11
1
2020
pubmed:
11
1
2020
entrez:
11
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Cocaine is the second most abused illicit drug in the United States. To date, no study has examined the association between cocaine use and oral health with a nationally representative sample. Our study examined the association between cocaine use-singly and with other substances-and oral health outcomes, including periodontitis and untreated caries, among US adults. Data for 11,753 individuals, aged ≥30 years, who completed a periodontal examination, in the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Descriptive analyses and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted on weighted data. Overall, 17% (20.5 million) of US adults aged ≥30 years had ever used cocaine, with higher likelihood seen among males, non-Hispanic whites, and those living in poverty. Current cocaine use prevalence was 2.6% (3.2 million). By number of co-used substances, the odds of having any periodontitis were higher among cocaine users who consumed ≥3 other substances (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.15 to 5.30) when compared with solely cocaine users. By type of substance co-used, odds of having untreated caries were greater among those reporting cigarettes (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.11) or methamphetamine (adjusted OR = 5.40; 95% CI = 1.92 to 15.14) usage. Odds of any periodontitis were higher among those reported ancillary cigarette use (adjusted OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.60 to 5.04) compared with cocaine-only users. In addition to a positive association between periodontal disease, dental caries, and cocaine use, select co-usage elevated the risk of oral disease. Patients should be screened for and counseled regarding substance abuse to facilitate a successful quit.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Cocaine is the second most abused illicit drug in the United States. To date, no study has examined the association between cocaine use and oral health with a nationally representative sample. Our study examined the association between cocaine use-singly and with other substances-and oral health outcomes, including periodontitis and untreated caries, among US adults.
METHODS
METHODS
Data for 11,753 individuals, aged ≥30 years, who completed a periodontal examination, in the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Descriptive analyses and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted on weighted data.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Overall, 17% (20.5 million) of US adults aged ≥30 years had ever used cocaine, with higher likelihood seen among males, non-Hispanic whites, and those living in poverty. Current cocaine use prevalence was 2.6% (3.2 million). By number of co-used substances, the odds of having any periodontitis were higher among cocaine users who consumed ≥3 other substances (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.15 to 5.30) when compared with solely cocaine users. By type of substance co-used, odds of having untreated caries were greater among those reporting cigarettes (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.21 to 3.11) or methamphetamine (adjusted OR = 5.40; 95% CI = 1.92 to 15.14) usage. Odds of any periodontitis were higher among those reported ancillary cigarette use (adjusted OR = 2.84; 95% CI = 1.60 to 5.04) compared with cocaine-only users.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to a positive association between periodontal disease, dental caries, and cocaine use, select co-usage elevated the risk of oral disease. Patients should be screened for and counseled regarding substance abuse to facilitate a successful quit.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31919844
doi: 10.1002/JPER.19-0509
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1039-1048Informations de copyright
© 2020 American Academy of Periodontology.
Références
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2018 National Syrvey on Drug Use and Health. Available at: https://store.samhsa.gov/product/Key-Substance-Use-and-Mental-Health-Indicators-in-the-United-States-Results-from-the-2018-National-Survey-on-Drug-Use-and-Health/PEP19-5068. Accessed August 22, 2019.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Trends in the prevalence of marijuana, cocaine, and other illegal drug use national YRBS: 1991-2017. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/2017_us_drug_trend_yrbs.pdf. Accessed August 22, 2019.
Hughes A, Williams MR, Lipari RN, Van Horn S. State estimates of past year cocaine use among young adults: 2014 and 2015. The CBHSQ Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US):1-9.
Krutchkoff DJ, Eisenberg E, O'Brien JE, Ponzillo JJ. A letter to the editor. Cocaine-induced dental erosions. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:408. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199002083220617.
Antoniazzi RP, Zanatta FB, Rosing CK, Feldens CA. Association among periodontitis and the use of crack cocaine and other illicit drugs. J Periodontol. 2016;87:1396-1405. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2016.150732.
Lee CYS, Mohammadi H, Dixon RA. Medical and dental implications of cocaine abuse. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49:290-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90223-9.
Brand HS, Gonggrijp S, Blanksma CJ. Cocaine and oral health. Br Dent J. 2008;204:365-369. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.244.
Sordi MB, Massochin RC, Camargo AR, Lemos T, Munhoz EA. Oral health assessment for users of marijuana and cocaine/crack substances. Braz Oral Res. 2017;31:e102. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0102.
Shekarchizadeh H, Khami MR, Mohebbi SZ, Ekhtiari H, Virtanen JI. Oral health of drug abusers: a review of health effects and care. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42:929-940.
National Institute of Health (NIH) - National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Trends and statistics. Available at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics. Accessed August 22, 2019.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Survey Participant/information-collected. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/participant/information-collected.htm. Accessed August 22, 2019.
Eke PI, Page RC, Wei L, Thornton-Evans G, Genco RJ. Update of the case definitions for population-based surveillance of periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2012;83:1449-1454. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2015.140520.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smoking & tobacco use. Data and statistics. Surgeon General's Reports. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/index.htm. Accessed August 22, 2019.
Chen TC, Parker JD, Clark J, Shin HC, Rammon JR, Burt VL. National health and nutrition examination survey: estimation procedures, 2011-2014. Vital Health Stat 2. 2018:1-26.
Campelo SR, Barbosa MA, Dias DR, Caixeta CC, Leles CR, Porto CC. Association between severity of illicit drug dependence and quality of life in a psychosocial care center in BRAZIL: cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2017;15:223. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0795-5.
Cury PR, Oliveira MG, de Andrade KM, de Freitas MD, Dos Santos JN. Dental health status in crack/cocaine-addicted men: a cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017;24:7585-7590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8404-z.
Liu Y, Williamson V, Setlow B, Cottler LB, Knackstedt LA. The importance of considering polysubstance use: lessons from cocaine research. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;192:16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.025.
Marques TC, Sarracini KL, Cortellazzi KL, et al. The impact of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and use of specific substances on quality of life of addicted persons. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-015-0016-8.
Maslowsky J, Schulenberg JE, O'Malley PM, Kloska DD. Depressive symptoms, conduct problems, and risk for polysubstance use among adolescents: results from US national surveys. Ment Health Subst Use. 2013;7:157-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/17523281.2013.786750.
Robbins JL, Wenger L, Lorvick J, Shiboski C, Kral AH. Health and oral health care needs and health care-seeking behavior among homeless injection drug users in San Francisco. J Urban Health. 2010;87:920-930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-010-9498-5.
Sheiham A, Watt RG. The common risk factor approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2000;28:399-406. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.028006399.x.
Peres MA, Macpherson LMD, Weyant RJ, et al. Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. Lancet. 2019;394:249-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31146-8.
Webber LP, Pellicioli AC, Magnusson AS, et al. Nuclear changes in oral mucosa of alcoholics and crack cocaine users. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2016;35:184-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327115579430.
Shariff JA, Ahluwalia KP, Papapanou PN. Relationship between frequent recreational cannabis (marijuana and hashish) use and periodontitis in adults in the United States: national Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2012. J Periodontol. 2017;88:273-280. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2016.160370.
Teoh L, Moses G, McCullough MJ. Oral manifestations of illicit drug use. Aust Dent J. 2019;64:213-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12709.