Early life lessons: The lasting effects of germline epigenetic information on organismal development.
Epigenetics
Intergenerational
Paternal effects
Placenta
Sperm
Journal
Molecular metabolism
ISSN: 2212-8778
Titre abrégé: Mol Metab
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101605730
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 2020
08 2020
Historique:
received:
27
09
2019
revised:
04
12
2019
accepted:
05
12
2019
pubmed:
25
1
2020
medline:
29
6
2021
entrez:
25
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
An organism's metabolic phenotype is primarily affected by its genotype, its lifestyle, and the nutritional composition of its food supply. In addition, it is now clear from studies in many different species that ancestral environments can also modulate metabolism in at least one to two generations of offspring. We limit ourselves here to paternal effects in mammals, primarily focusing on studies performed in inbred rodent models. Although hundreds of studies link paternal diets and offspring metabolism, the mechanistic basis by which epigenetic information in sperm programs nutrient handling in the next generation remains mysterious. Our goal in this review is to provide a brief overview of paternal effect paradigms and the germline epigenome. We then pivot to exploring one key mystery in this literature: how do epigenetic changes in sperm, most of which are likely to act transiently in the early embryo, ultimately direct a long-lasting physiological response in offspring? Several potential mechanisms exist by which transient epigenetic modifications, such as small RNAs or methylation states erased shortly after fertilization, could be transferred to more durable heritable information. A detailed mechanistic understanding of this process will provide deep insights into early development, and could be of great relevance for human health and disease.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
An organism's metabolic phenotype is primarily affected by its genotype, its lifestyle, and the nutritional composition of its food supply. In addition, it is now clear from studies in many different species that ancestral environments can also modulate metabolism in at least one to two generations of offspring.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
We limit ourselves here to paternal effects in mammals, primarily focusing on studies performed in inbred rodent models. Although hundreds of studies link paternal diets and offspring metabolism, the mechanistic basis by which epigenetic information in sperm programs nutrient handling in the next generation remains mysterious. Our goal in this review is to provide a brief overview of paternal effect paradigms and the germline epigenome. We then pivot to exploring one key mystery in this literature: how do epigenetic changes in sperm, most of which are likely to act transiently in the early embryo, ultimately direct a long-lasting physiological response in offspring?
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
Several potential mechanisms exist by which transient epigenetic modifications, such as small RNAs or methylation states erased shortly after fertilization, could be transferred to more durable heritable information. A detailed mechanistic understanding of this process will provide deep insights into early development, and could be of great relevance for human health and disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31974037
pii: S2212-8778(19)30955-X
doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.12.004
pmc: PMC7300385
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
100924Subventions
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : R01 HD080224
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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