Traveller exposures to animals: a GeoSentinel analysis.
Bite
consultation
herpesvirus B
post-exposure
pre-exposure
prophylaxis
rabies
Journal
Journal of travel medicine
ISSN: 1708-8305
Titre abrégé: J Travel Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9434456
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 11 2020
09 11 2020
Historique:
received:
19
12
2019
revised:
21
01
2020
accepted:
23
01
2020
pubmed:
30
1
2020
medline:
29
7
2021
entrez:
30
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Human coexistence with other animals can result in both intentional and unintentional contact with a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species. International travellers are at risk for such encounters; travellers risk injury, infection and possibly death from domestic and wild animal bites, scratches, licks and other exposures. The aim of the present analysis was to understand the diversity and distribution of animal-related exposures among international travellers. Data from January 2007 through December 2018 from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were reviewed. Records were included if the exposure was non-migration travel with a diagnosis of an animal (dog, cat, monkey, snake or other) bite or other exposure (non-bite); records were excluded if the region of exposure was not ascertainable or if another, unrelated acute diagnosis was reported. A total of 6470 animal exposures (bite or non-bite) were included. The majority (71%) occurred in Asia. Travellers to 167 countries had at least one report of an animal bite or non-bite exposure. The majority (76%) involved dogs, monkeys and cats, although a wide range of wild and domestic species were involved. Almost two-thirds (62.6%) of 4395 travellers with information available did not report a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider. Minimizing bites and other animal exposures requires education (particularly during pretravel consultations) and behavioral modification. These should be supplemented by the use of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travellers to high-risk countries (especially to those with limited access to rabies immunoglobulin), as well as encouragement of timely (in-country) post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B) when warranted.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Human coexistence with other animals can result in both intentional and unintentional contact with a variety of mammalian and non-mammalian species. International travellers are at risk for such encounters; travellers risk injury, infection and possibly death from domestic and wild animal bites, scratches, licks and other exposures. The aim of the present analysis was to understand the diversity and distribution of animal-related exposures among international travellers.
METHODS
Data from January 2007 through December 2018 from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network were reviewed. Records were included if the exposure was non-migration travel with a diagnosis of an animal (dog, cat, monkey, snake or other) bite or other exposure (non-bite); records were excluded if the region of exposure was not ascertainable or if another, unrelated acute diagnosis was reported.
RESULTS
A total of 6470 animal exposures (bite or non-bite) were included. The majority (71%) occurred in Asia. Travellers to 167 countries had at least one report of an animal bite or non-bite exposure. The majority (76%) involved dogs, monkeys and cats, although a wide range of wild and domestic species were involved. Almost two-thirds (62.6%) of 4395 travellers with information available did not report a pretravel consultation with a healthcare provider.
CONCLUSIONS
Minimizing bites and other animal exposures requires education (particularly during pretravel consultations) and behavioral modification. These should be supplemented by the use of pre-exposure rabies vaccination for travellers to high-risk countries (especially to those with limited access to rabies immunoglobulin), as well as encouragement of timely (in-country) post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies and Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus B) when warranted.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31993666
pii: 5716751
doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa010
pmc: PMC7384971
mid: NIHMS1589816
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Rabies Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Intramural CDC HHS
ID : CC999999
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G0701652
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NCEZID CDC HHS
ID : U50 CK000189
Pays : United States
Investigateurs
Henry Wu
(H)
Jesse Waggoner
(J)
Watcharapong Piyaphanee
(W)
Udomsak Silachamroon
(U)
Christina Coyle
(C)
Eli Schwartz
(E)
Lucille Blumberg
(L)
Albie de Frey
(A)
Hugo Siu
(H)
Luis Manuel Valdez
(LM)
Michael Beadsworth
(M)
Nicholas Beeching
(N)
Michael Libman
(M)
Cedric Yansouni
(C)
Anne McCarthy
(A)
Mauro Saio
(M)
Marta Diaz Menendez
(M)
Sabine Jordon
(S)
Christof Vinnemeier
(C)
Hilmer Ásgeirsson
(H)
Hedvig Glans
(H)
Natasha Hochberg
(N)
Federico Gobbi
(F)
Andrea Rossanese
(A)
Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsa
(E)
Bradley Connor
(B)
Perry van Genderen
(P)
Susan Anderson
(S)
Carmelo Licitra
(C)
Ashley Thomas
(A)
Lian Lim Poh
(LL)
Christian Wejse
(C)
Sanne Jespersen
(S)
Frank Mockenhaupt
(F)
Gundel Harms-Zwingenberger
(G)
Paul Kelly
(P)
Phi Truong Hoang Phu
(PTH)
Jasper Chan
(J)
Kwok-Yung Yuen
(KY)
Johnnie Yates
(J)
Victoria Johnston
(V)
Vanessa Field
(V)
Claudio Viscoli
(C)
Federica Toscanini
(F)
Prativa Pandey
(P)
Bhawana Amatya
(B)
Kunjana Mavunda
(K)
Dorothy Contiguglia-Akcan
(D)
Karin Leder
(K)
Joe Torresi
(J)
Jonathan Alpern
(J)
Bill Stauffer
(B)
Frank von Sonnenburg
(F)
Camilla Rothe
(C)
Stefan Hagmann
(S)
Sunil Sood
(S)
Ben Wyler
(B)
John Cahill
(J)
Eric Caumes
(E)
Katherine Plewes
(K)
Wayne Ghesquiere
(W)
Daniel Leung
(D)
Informations de copyright
© International Society of Travel Medicine 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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