Update on nutritional assessment and therapy in critical care.
Journal
Current opinion in critical care
ISSN: 1531-7072
Titre abrégé: Curr Opin Crit Care
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9504454
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2020
04 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
1
2
2020
medline:
2
12
2020
entrez:
1
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To summarize recent data regarding nutritional assessment and interventions in the ICU. Current methods to assess nutritional risk do not allow identification of ICU patients who may benefit from specific nutritional intervention. Early full energy delivery does not appear to improve outcomes at the population level. Specific nutrient composition of formula has been shown to improve glycemic outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia but patient-centered outcomes are unaffected. Based on recent studies, full energy feeding early during critical illness has no measurable beneficial effect, and may even be harmful, when applied to entire populations. The mechanisms underlying this are unknown and remain proposed theories. Tools to assess nutritional risk in the ICU that identify patients who will benefit from a specific nutritional intervention are lacking. The optimal composition of feeds, and indications for specific interventions for enteral feeding intolerance remain uncertain.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32004195
doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000694
pii: 00075198-202004000-00019
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
197-204Références
Lee ZY, Heyland DK. Determination of nutrition risk and status in critically ill patients: what are our considerations? Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34:96–111.
Wernerman J, Christopher KB, Annane D, et al. Metabolic support in the critically ill: a consensus of 19. Crit Care 2019; 23:318.
Kondrup J. Nutritional-risk scoring systems in the intensive care unit. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:177–182.
Correia MITD. Nutrition screening vs nutrition assessment: what's the difference. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 33:62–72.
Arabi YM, Aldawood AS, Al-Dorzi HM, et al. Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in high- and low-nutritional-risk critically ill adults. Post hoc analysis of the PermiT Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:652–662.
Detsky AS, McLaughlin JR, Baker JP, et al. What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987; 11:8–13.
Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, et al. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr 2003; 22:321–336.
Ceniccola GD, Holanda TP, Pequeno RSF, et al. Relevance of AND-ASPEN criteria of malnutrition to predict hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a prospective study. J Crit Care 2018; 44:398–403.
Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Jiang X, Day AG. Identifying critically ill patients who benefit the most from nutrition therapy: the development and initial validation of a novel risk assessment tool. Crit Care 2011; 15:R268.
Rahman A, Hasan RM, Agarwala R, et al. Identifying critically-ill patients who will benefit most from nutritional therapy: further validation of the ‘modified NUTRIC’ nutritional risk assessment tool. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:158–162.
de Vries MC, Koekkoek WK, Opdam MH, et al. Nutritional assessment of critically ill patients: validation of the modified NUTRIC score. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:428–435.
Gungabissoon U, Hacquoil K, Bains C, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, clinical consequences, and treatment of enteral feed intolerance during critical illness. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 39:441.
Greco AL, Wheeler AP, Rice TW. Initial trophic versus full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury and high nutritional risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:A7130.
Bear DE, Griffith D, Puthucheary Z. Emerging outcome measures for nutrition trials in the critically ill. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:417–422.
Taverny G, Lescot T, Pardo E, et al. Outcomes used in randomised controlled trials of nutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review. Crit Care 2019; 23:12.
Chapple LS, Deane AM, Williams LT, et al. Longitudinal changes in anthropometrics and impact on self-reported physical function after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Resusc 2017; 19:29–36.
Price KL, Earthman CP. Update on body composition tools in clinical settings: computed tomography, ultrasound, and bioimpedance applications for assessment and monitoring. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:187–193.
Yeh DD, Ortiz-Reyes LA, Quraishi SA, et al. Early nutritional inadequacy is associated with psoas muscle deterioration and worse clinical outcomes in critically ill surgical patients. J Crit Care 2018; 45:7–13.
Looijaard WG, Dekker IM, Stapel SN, et al. Skeletal muscle quality as assessed by CT-derived skeletal muscle density is associated with 6-month mortality in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Crit Care 2016; 20:386.
Toledo DO, Carvalho AM, Oliveira AMRR, et al. The use of computed tomography images as a prognostic marker in critically ill cancer patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 25:114–120.
Casaer MP, Mesotten D, Hermans G, et al. Early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:506–517.
Hermans G, Casaer MP, Clerckx B, et al. Effect of tolerating macronutrient deficit on the development of intensive-care unit acquired weakness: a subanalysis of the EPaNIC trial. Lancet Respir Med 2013; 1:621–629.
Heidegger CP, Berger MM, Graf S, et al. Optimisation of energy provision with supplemental parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2013; 381:385–393.
Harvey SE, Parrott F, Harrison DA, et al. Trial of the route of early nutritional support in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1673–1684.
Reignier J, Boisramé-Helms J, Brisard L, et al. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet 2018; 391:133–143.
Allingstrup MJ, Kondrup J, Wiis J, et al. Early goal-directed nutrition versus standard of care in adult intensive care patients: the single-centre, randomised, outcome assessor-blinded EAT-ICU trial. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:1637–1647.
Braunschweig CA, Sheean PM, Peterson SJ, et al. Intensive nutrition in acute lung injury: a clinical trial (INTACT). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 39:13–20.
Peterson SJ, Lateef OB, Freels S, et al. Early exposure to recommended calorie delivery in the intensive care unit is associated with increased mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:739–747.
Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA 2012; 307:795–803.
Arabi YM, Aldawood AS, Haddad SH, et al. Permissive underfeeding or standard enteral feeding in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2398–2408.
Silva CFA, de Vasconcelos SG, da Silva TA, Silva FM. Permissive or trophic enteral nutrition and full enteral nutrition had similar effects on clinical outcomes in intensive care: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 33:388–396.
Chapman M, Peake SL, Bellomo R, et al. TARGET Investigators, for the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Energy-dense versus routine enteral nutrition in the critically ill. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:1823–1834.
Doig GS, Simpson F, Heighes PT, et al. Restricted versus continued standard caloric intake during the management of refeeding syndrome in critically ill adults: a randomised, parallel-group, multicentre, single-blind controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2015; 3:943–952.
Heyland DK, van Zanten ARH, Grau-Carmona T, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of ulimorelin and metoclopramide in the treatment of critically ill patients with enteral feeding intolerance: PROMOTE trial. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:647–656.
Deane AM, Lamontagne F, Dukes GE, et al. Nutrition adequacy therapeutic enhancement in the critically ill: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the motilin receptor agonist camicinal (GSK962040): the NUTRIATE study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:949–995.
Arabi YM, Reintam Blaser A, Preiser JC. Less is more in nutrition: critically ill patients are starving but not hungry. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:1629–1631.
Patel JJ, Kozeniecki M, Peppard WJ, et al. Phase 3 pilot randomized controlled trial comparing early trophic enteral nutrition with ‘no enteral nutrition’ in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; [Epub ahead of print].
Nguyen NQ, Besanko LK, Burgstad C, et al. Delayed enteral feeding impairs intestinal carbohydrate absorption in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:50–54.
Singer P, Reintam Blaser A, Berger MM, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:48–79.
Elke G, van Zanten AR, Lemieux M, et al. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2016; 20:117.
Wischmeyer PE, Hasselmann M, Kummerlen C, et al. A randomized trial of supplemental parenteral nutrition in underweight and overweight critically ill patients: the TOP-UP pilot trial. Crit Care 2017; 21:142.
Ridley EJ, Davies AR, Parke R, et al. Supplemental parenteral nutrition versus usual care in critically ill adults: a pilot randomized controlled study. Crit Care 2018; 22:12.
Reintam Blaser A, Starkopf J, Alhazzani W, et al. Early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: ESICM clinical practice guidelines. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:380–398.
Reintam Blaser A, Deane AM, Starkopf J. Translating the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 guidelines into practice. Curr Opin Crit Care 2019; 25:314–321.
Arabi YM, Reintam Blaser A, Preiser JC. When and how to manage enteral feeding intolerance? Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:1029–1031.
Young PJ, Bellomo R, Chapman MJ, et al. What should we target after TARGET? Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20:252–253.
Kar P, Plummer MP, Chapman MJ, et al. Energy-dense formulae may slow gastric emptying in the critically ill. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:1050–1056.
Deane AM, Chapman MJ, Reintam Blaser A, et al. Pathophysiology and treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in the acutely ill. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 34:23–36.
Deane AM, Rayner CK, Keeshan A, et al. The effects of critical illness on intestinal glucose sensing, transporters, and absorption. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:57–65.
Ali Abdelhamid Y, Cousins CE, Sim JA, et al. Effect of critical illness on triglyceride absorption. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 39:966–972.
Deane AM, Summers MJ, Zaknic AV, et al. Glucose absorption and small intestinal transit in critical illness. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1282–1288.
Mesejo A, Montejo-González JC, Vaquerizo-Alonso C, et al. Diabetes-specific enteral nutrition formula in hyperglycemic, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective, open-label, blind-randomized, multicenter study. Crit Care 2015; 19:390.
van Steen SC, Rijkenberg S, Sechterberger MK, et al. Glycemic effects of a low-carbohydrate enteral formula compared with an enteral formula of standard composition in critically ill patients: an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1035–1045.
Rice TW, Files DC, Morris PE, et al. Dietary management of blood glucose in medical critically ill overweight and obese patients: an open-label randomized trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:471–480.
Doola R, Deane AM, Tolcher DM, et al. The effect of a low carbohydrate formula on glycaemia in critically ill enterally-fed adult patients with hyperglycaemia: a blinded randomised feasibility trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 31:80–87.
Rooyackers O, Sundstrom Rehal M, Liebau F, et al. High protein intake without concerns? Crit Care 2017; 21:106.
Ridley EJ, Peake SL, Jarvis M, et al. Nutrition therapy in Australia and New Zealand intensive care units: an international comparison study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1349–1357.
Liebau F, Sundstrom M, van Loon LJ, et al. Short-term amino acid infusion improves protein balance in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2015; 19:106.
Sundstrom Rehal M, Liebau F, Tjader I, et al. A supplemental intravenous amino acid infusion sustains a positive protein balance for 24 h in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2017; 21:298.
Compher C, Chittams J, Sammarco T, et al. Greater protein and energy intake may be associated with improved mortality in higher risk critically ill patients: a multicenter, multinational observational study. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:156–163.
Zusman O, Theilla M, Cohen J, et al. Resting energy expenditure, calorie and protein consumption in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care 2016; 20:367.
McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 40:159–211.
Jakob SM, Butikofer L, Berger D, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effect of an enteral formulation designed to improve gastrointestinal tolerance in the critically ill patient-the SPIRIT trial. Crit Care 2017; 21:140.
Fetterplace K, Deane AM, Tierney A, et al. Targeted full energy and protein delivery in critically ill patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial (FEED trial). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2018; 42:1252–1262.
van Zanten ARH, Petit L, De Waele J, et al. Very high intact-protein formula successfully provides protein intake according to nutritional recommendations in overweight critically ill patients: a double-blind randomized trial. Crit Care 2018; 22:156.
Fetterplace K, Gill BMT, Chapple LS, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis of patient-centered outcomes, comparing international guideline-recommended enteral protein delivery with usual care. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; [Epub ahead of print].
Deane AM, Peake SL, Chapman MJ. The disconnect between nutrition guidelines and evidence: how much protein should I prescribe to this critically ill patient? Crit Care Resusc 2018; 20:3–5.
Heyland DK, Patel J, Bear D, et al. The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients: a multicenter registry-based randomized trial: the EFFORT trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:326–334.
Rice TW, Wheeler AP, Thompson BT, et al. Enteral omega-3 fatty acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidant supplementation in acute lung injury. JAMA 2011; 306:1574–1581.
van Zanten AR, Sztark F, Kaisers UX, et al. High-protein enteral nutrition enriched with immune-modulating nutrients vs standard high-protein enteral nutrition and nosocomial infections in the ICU: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 312:514–524.
Bear DE, Langan A, Dimidi E, et al. Beta–hydroxy–beta–methylbutyrate and its impact on skeletal muscle mass and physical function in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1119–1132.
Kuhls DA, Rathmacher JA, Musngi MD, et al. Beta–hydroxy–beta–methylbutyrate supplementation in critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma 2007; 62:125–131.
Nakamura K, Kihata A, Naraba H, et al. Beta–hydroxy–beta–methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine complex on muscle volume loss in critically ill patients: a randomized control trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; [Epub ahead of print].
Wandrag L, Brett SJ, Frost GS, et al. Leucine-enriched essential amino acid supplementation in mechanically ventilated trauma patients: a feasibility study. Trials 2019; 20:561.