Raynaud's phenomenon.

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is common, affecting approximately 5% of the population, and is important to the rheumatologist because it is often the presenting symptom of connective tissue disease, especially of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-spectrum disorders. RP therefore provides a window of opportunity for early diagnosis. When RP is associated with SSc it is particularly challenging to treat. This review begins with a discussion of some of the recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of RP: it is through increased understanding of the complex pathophysiology of RP that we are most likely to develop new therapies. The following questions are then addressed (with three clinical scenarios demonstrating key principles of assessment and management): 1. How can we predict underlying connective tissue disease in the patient presenting with Raynaud's? 2. How can we measure severity of Raynaud's? 3. What are the latest advances in treatment of connective tissue disease-related digital vasculopathy?

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Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Declaration of Competing Interest ALH has undertaken consultancy work for Boehringer-Ingelheim, Gesynta and Camurus, has received research funding from Actelion and Gesynta, and speaker's fees from Actelion. FMW has received research support from Corbus, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cumberland, GlaxoSmithKline, Scleroderma Lung Study III, and Kadmon.