Genetic contributors to risk of schizophrenia in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion.


Journal

Molecular psychiatry
ISSN: 1476-5578
Titre abrégé: Mol Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9607835

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 2021
Historique:
received: 05 06 2019
accepted: 16 01 2020
revised: 01 11 2019
pubmed: 6 2 2020
medline: 28 1 2022
entrez: 5 2 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Schizophrenia occurs in about one in four individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The aim of this International Brain and Behavior 22q11.2DS Consortium (IBBC) study was to identify genetic factors that contribute to schizophrenia, in addition to the ~20-fold increased risk conveyed by the 22q11.2 deletion. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 519 unrelated individuals with 22q11.2DS, we conducted genome-wide comparisons of common and rare variants between those with schizophrenia and those with no psychotic disorder at age ≥25 years. Available microarray data enabled direct comparison of polygenic risk for schizophrenia between 22q11.2DS and independent population samples with no 22q11.2 deletion, with and without schizophrenia (total n = 35,182). Polygenic risk for schizophrenia within 22q11.2DS was significantly greater for those with schizophrenia (p

Identifiants

pubmed: 32015465
doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3
pii: 10.1038/s41380-020-0654-3
pmc: PMC7396297
mid: NIHMS1550161
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

4496-4510

Subventions

Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-97800
Pays : Canada
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH087626
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH107108
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/L010305/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH085953
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U54 NS091859
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : U54 EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH100917
Pays : United States
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-74631
Pays : Canada
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : P50 MH096891
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : T32 MH019112
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101722
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101720
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH107235
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101719
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM117946
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH064824
Pays : United States
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-79518
Pays : Canada
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N026063/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101724
Pays : United States
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-111238
Pays : Canada
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP-89066
Pays : Canada
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH112774
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 102428/Z/13/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH101723
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : U01 MH087636
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : P01 HD070454
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 HD090260
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

© 2020. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Références

McDonald-McGinn DM, Sullivan KE, Marino B, Philip N, Swillen A, Vorstman JA, et al. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2015;1:15071.
pubmed: 27189754
Fung WL, Butcher NJ, Costain G, Andrade DM, Boot E, Chow EW, et al. Practical guidelines for managing adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med. 2015;17:599–609.
pubmed: 25569435 pmcid: 4526275
Gur RE, Bassett AS, McDonald-McGinn DM, Bearden CE, Chow E, Emanuel BS, et al. A neurogenetic model for the study of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the International 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Brain Behavior Consortium. Mol Psychiatry. 2017;22:1664–72.
pubmed: 28761081 pmcid: 5935262
Insel TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature. 2010;468:187–93.
pubmed: 21068826
Bassett AS, Lowther C, Merico D, Costain G, Chow EWC, van Amelsvoort T, et al. Rare genome-wide copy number variation and expression of Schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2017;174:1054–63.
pubmed: 28750581 pmcid: 5665703
Pardinas AF, Holmans P, Pocklington AJ, Escott-Price V, Ripke S, Carrera N, et al. Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection. Nat Genet. 2018;50:381–9.
pubmed: 29483656 pmcid: 5918692
Singh T, Walters JTR, Johnstone M, Curtis D, Suvisaari J, Torniainen M, et al. The contribution of rare variants to risk of schizophrenia in individuals with and without intellectual disability. Nat Genet. 2017;49:1167–73.
pubmed: 28650482 pmcid: 5533219
Genovese G, Fromer M, Stahl EA, Ruderfer DM, Chambert K, Landen M, et al. Increased burden of ultra-rare protein-altering variants among 4,877 individuals with schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci. 2016;19:1433–41.
pubmed: 27694994 pmcid: 5104192
Purcell SM, Moran JL, Fromer M, Ruderfer D, Solovieff N, Roussos P, et al. A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia. Nature. 2014;506:185–90.
pubmed: 24463508 pmcid: 4136494
Marshall CR, Howrigan DP, Merico D, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Wu W, Greer DS, et al. Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects. Nat Genet. 2017;49:27–35.
pubmed: 27869829
Kirov G, Pocklington AJ, Holmans P, Ivanov D, Ikeda M, Ruderfer D, et al. De novo CNV analysis implicates specific abnormalities of postsynaptic signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17:142–53.
pubmed: 22083728
Fromer M, Pocklington AJ, Kavanagh DH, Williams HJ, Dwyer S, Gormley P, et al. De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks. Nature. 2014;506:179–84.
pubmed: 24463507 pmcid: 4237002
Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature. 2014;511:421–7.
pmcid: 4112379
Johnston HR, Chopra P, Wingo TS, Patel V, International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Epstein MP, et al. PEMapper and PECaller provide a simplified approach to whole-genome sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:E1923–E32.
pubmed: 28223510 pmcid: 5347547
Rees E, Kendall K, Pardinas AF, Legge SE, Pocklington A, Escott-Price V, et al. Analysis of intellectual disability copy number variants for association with schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73:963–9.
pubmed: 27602560 pmcid: 5014093
Guo T, Diacou A, Nomaru H, McDonald-McGinn DM, Hestand M, Demaerel W, et al. Deletion size analysis of 1680 22q11.2DS subjects identifies a new recombination hotspot on chromosome 22q11.2. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27:1150–63.
pubmed: 29361080 pmcid: 6059186
McCarthy S, Das S, Kretzschmar W, Delaneau O, Wood AR, Teumer A, et al. A reference panel of 64,976 haplotypes for genotype imputation. Nat Genet. 2016;48:1279–83.
pubmed: 27548312 pmcid: 5388176
Loh PR, Danecek P, Palamara PF, Fuchsberger C, Reshef YA, Finucane HK, et al. Reference-based phasing using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Nat Genet. 2016;48:1443–8.
pubmed: 27694958 pmcid: 5096458
Das S, Forer L, Schonherr S, Sidore C, Locke AE, Kwong A, et al. Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods. Nat Genet. 2016;48:1284–7.
pubmed: 27571263 pmcid: 5157836
Euesden J, Lewis CM, O’Reilly PF. PRSice: Polygenic Risk Score software. Bioinformatics. 2015;31:1466–8.
pubmed: 25550326
Conneely KN, Boehnke M. So many correlated tests, so little time! Rapid adjustment of P values for multiple correlated tests. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;81:1158–68.
pubmed: 17966093 pmcid: 2276357
Wu MC, Lee S, Cai T, Li Y, Boehnke M, Lin X. Rare-variant association testing for sequencing data with the sequence kernel association test. Am J Hum Genet. 2011;89:82–93.
pubmed: 21737059 pmcid: 3135811
Epstein MP, Duncan R, Jiang Y, Conneely KN, Allen AS, Satten GA. A permutation procedure to correct for confounders in case-control studies, including tests of rare variation. Am J Hum Genet. 2012;91:215–23.
pubmed: 22818855 pmcid: 3415546
Mlynarski EE, Sheridan MB, Xie M, Guo T, Racedo SE, McDonald-McGinn DM, et al. Copy-number variation of the glucose transporter gene SLC2A3 and congenital heart defects in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 2015;96:753–64.
pubmed: 25892112 pmcid: 4570279
Rees E, Carrera N, Morgan J, Hambridge K, Escott-Price V, Pocklington AJ, et al. Targeted sequencing of 10,198 samples confirms abnormalities in neuronal activity and implicates voltage-gated sodium channels in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;85:554–62.
pubmed: 30420267 pmcid: 6428681
Bergen SE, Ploner A, Howrigan D, CNV Analysis Group and the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, O’Donovan MC, Smoller JW, et al. Joint contributions of rare copy number variants and common SNPs to risk for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2019;176:29–35.
pubmed: 30392412
Tansey KE, Rees E, Linden DE, Ripke S, Chambert KD, Moran JL, et al. Common alleles contribute to schizophrenia in CNV carriers. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:1085–9.
pubmed: 26390827
Niemi MEK, Martin HC, Rice DL, Gallone G, Gordon S, Kelemen M, et al. Common genetic variants contribute to risk of rare severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Nature. 2018;562:268–71.
pubmed: 30258228 pmcid: 6726472
Kirov G, Rees E, Walters JT, Escott-Price V, Georgieva L, Richards AL, et al. The penetrance of copy number variations for schizophrenia and developmental delay. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;75:378–85.
pubmed: 23992924
Hoeffding LK, Trabjerg BB, Olsen L, Mazin W, Sparso T, Vangkilde A, et al. Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Among Individuals With the 22q11.2 Deletion or Duplication: A Danish Nationwide, Register-Based Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74:282–90.
pubmed: 28114601
Fung SJ, Sivagnanasundaram S, Weickert CS. Lack of change in markers of presynaptic terminal abundance alongside subtle reductions in markers of presynaptic terminal plasticity in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:71–9.
pubmed: 21145444 pmcid: 3001685
Schneider M, Debbane M, Bassett AS, Chow EW, Fung WL, van den Bree M, et al. Psychiatric disorders from childhood to adulthood in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: results from the International Consortium on Brain and Behavior in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 2014;171:627–39.
pubmed: 24577245 pmcid: 4285461
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium. Low-Frequency and Rare-Coding Variation Contributes to Multiple Sclerosis Risk. Cell. 2018;175:1679–87.
Ganna A, Satterstrom FK, Zekavat SM, Das I, Kurki MI, Churchhouse C, et al. Quantifying the Impact of Rare and Ultra-rare Coding Variation across the Phenotypic Spectrum. Am J Hum Genet. 2018;102:1204–11.
pubmed: 29861106 pmcid: 5992130
Coe BP, Stessman HAF, Sulovari A, Geisheker MR, Bakken TE, Lake AM, et al. Neurodevelopmental disease genes implicated by de novo mutation and copy number variation morbidity. Nat Genet. 2019;51:106–16.
pubmed: 30559488
Stark KL, Xu B, Bagchi A, Lai WS, Liu H, Hsu R, et al. Altered brain microRNA biogenesis contributes to phenotypic deficits in a 22q11-deletion mouse model. Nat Genet. 2008;40:751–60.
pubmed: 18469815
Forstner AJ, Degenhardt F, Schratt G, Nothen MM. MicroRNAs as the cause of schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion carriers, and possible implications for idiopathic disease: a mini-review. Front Mol Neurosci. 2013;6:47.
pubmed: 24367288 pmcid: 3851736
Schofield CM, Hsu R, Barker AJ, Gertz CC, Blelloch R, Ullian EM. Monoallelic deletion of the microRNA biogenesis gene Dgcr8 produces deficits in the development of excitatory synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex. Neural Dev. 2011;6:11.
pubmed: 21466685 pmcid: 3082233
Brzustowicz LM, Bassett AS. miRNA-mediated risk for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Front Genet. 2012;3:291.
pubmed: 23248646 pmcid: 3521194
Merico D, Costain G, Butcher NJ, Warnica W, Ogura L, Alfred SE, et al. MicroRNA dysregulation, gene networks, and risk for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Front Neurol. 2014;5:238.
pubmed: 25484875 pmcid: 4240070
Merico D, Zarrei M, Costain G, Ogura L, Alipanahi B, Gazzellone MJ, et al. Whole-genome sequencing suggests schizophrenia risk mechanisms in humans with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. G3. 2015;5:2453–61.
pubmed: 26384369 pmcid: 4632064
Warnica W, Merico D, Costain G, Alfred SE, Wei J, Marshall CR, et al. Copy number variable microRNAs in schizophrenia and their neurodevelopmental gene targets. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77:158–66.
pubmed: 25034949
Costain G, McDonald-McGinn DM, Bassett AS. Prenatal genetic testing with chromosomal microarray analysis identifies major risk variants for schizophrenia and other later-onset disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:1498.
pubmed: 24306343 pmcid: 4516409
Harrison PJ. Recent genetic findings in schizophrenia and their therapeutic relevance. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29:85–96.
pubmed: 25315827 pmcid: 4361495
Smeland OB, Bahrami S, Frei O, Shadrin A, O’Connell K, Savage J, et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals extensive genetic overlap between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and intelligence. Mol Psychiatry. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0332-x . [Epub ahead of print].
Swillen A, Moss E, Duijff S. Neurodevelopmental outcome in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and management. Am J Med Genet A. 2018;176:2160–6.
pubmed: 29696780 pmcid: 6202262
Bassett AS, Marshall CR, Lionel AC, Chow EW, Scherer SW. Copy number variations and risk for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 2008;17:4045–53.
pubmed: 18806272 pmcid: 2638574
Van L, Boot E, Bassett AS. Update on the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and its relevance to schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2017;30:191–6.
pubmed: 28230630
Karczewski KJ, Weisburd B, Thomas B, Solomonson M, Ruderfer DM, Kavanagh D, et al. The ExAC browser: displaying reference data information from over 60 000 exomes. Nucleic Acids Research. 2017;45(D1):D840–D845.
Smith CL, Blake JA, Kadin JA, Richardson JE, Bult CJ. Mouse Genome Database (MGD)-2018: knowledgebase for the laboratory mouse. Nucleic Acids Research. 2018;46(D1):D836–D842.
MacDonald JR, Ziman R, Yuen RKC, Feuk L, Scherer SW. The Database of Genomic Variants: a curated collection of structural variation in the human genome. Nucleic Acids Research. 2013;42 (D1):D986–D992.

Auteurs

Isabelle Cleynen (I)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Worrawat Engchuan (W)

The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Matthew S Hestand (MS)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Tracy Heung (T)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Aaron M Holleman (AM)

Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

H Richard Johnston (HR)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Thomas Monfeuga (T)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Donna M McDonald-McGinn (DM)

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Raquel E Gur (RE)

Department of Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine-CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Bernice E Morrow (BE)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Ann Swillen (A)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Jacob A S Vorstman (JAS)

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Carrie E Bearden (CE)

Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Eva W C Chow (EWC)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Marianne van den Bree (M)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Beverly S Emanuel (BS)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Joris R Vermeesch (JR)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Stephen T Warren (ST)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Michael J Owen (MJ)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Pankaj Chopra (P)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

David J Cutler (DJ)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Richard Duncan (R)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Alex V Kotlar (AV)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Jennifer G Mulle (JG)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Anna J Voss (AJ)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Michael E Zwick (ME)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Alexander Diacou (A)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Aaron Golden (A)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Tingwei Guo (T)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Jhih-Rong Lin (JR)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Tao Wang (T)

Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Zhengdong Zhang (Z)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Yingjie Zhao (Y)

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Christian Marshall (C)

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Daniele Merico (D)

The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Deep Genomics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada.

Andrea Jin (A)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Brenna Lilley (B)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Harold I Salmons (HI)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Oanh Tran (O)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Peter Holmans (P)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Antonio Pardinas (A)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

James T R Walters (JTR)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Wolfram Demaerel (W)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Erik Boot (E)

Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Nancy J Butcher (NJ)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Gregory A Costain (GA)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Chelsea Lowther (C)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Rens Evers (R)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Therese A M J van Amelsvoort (TAMJ)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Esther van Duin (E)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Claudia Vingerhoets (C)

School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Jeroen Breckpot (J)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Koen Devriendt (K)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Elfi Vergaelen (E)

Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Annick Vogels (A)

Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

T Blaine Crowley (TB)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Daniel E McGinn (DE)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Edward M Moss (EM)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Robert J Sharkus (RJ)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Marta Unolt (M)

Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Elaine H Zackai (EH)

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Division of Human Genetics and 22q and You Center, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Monica E Calkins (ME)

Department of Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine-CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Robert S Gallagher (RS)

Department of Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine-CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Ruben C Gur (RC)

Department of Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine-CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Sunny X Tang (SX)

Department of Psychiatry and Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine-CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Rosemarie Fritsch (R)

Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Claudia Ornstein (C)

Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Gabriela M Repetto (GM)

Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Elemi Breetvelt (E)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Sasja N Duijff (SN)

Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Ania Fiksinski (A)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Hayley Moss (H)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Maria Niarchou (M)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

Kieran C Murphy (KC)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Sarah E Prasad (SE)

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Eileen M Daly (EM)

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.

Maria Gudbrandsen (M)

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.

Clodagh M Murphy (CM)

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.

Declan G Murphy (DG)

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.

Antonio Buzzanca (A)

Department of Human Neurosciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Fabio Di Fabio (FD)

Department of Human Neurosciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Maria C Digilio (MC)

Ospedale Bambino Gesu Pediatric Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Maria Pontillo (M)

Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCSS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Bruno Marino (B)

Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

Stefano Vicari (S)

Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, IRCSS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Karlene Coleman (K)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Joseph F Cubells (JF)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Opal Y Ousley (OY)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Miri Carmel (M)

Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Doron Gothelf (D)

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Ehud Mekori-Domachevsky (E)

Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Elena Michaelovsky (E)

Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Ronnie Weinberger (R)

The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Abraham Weizman (A)

Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Leila Kushan (L)

Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Maria Jalbrzikowski (M)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Marco Armando (M)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Stéphan Eliez (S)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Corrado Sandini (C)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Maude Schneider (M)

Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Frédérique Sloan Béna (FS)

Department of Medical Genetics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Kevin M Antshel (KM)

Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Wanda Fremont (W)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Wendy R Kates (WR)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Raoul Belzeaux (R)

Pôle de psychiatrie, Hopital Sainte Marguerite, Batiment Solaris, APHM, Marseille, France.

Tiffany Busa (T)

Departement de Genetique Medicale Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France.

Nicole Philip (N)

Departement de Genetique Medicale Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF, APHM, Marseille, France.

Linda E Campbell (LE)

University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.

Kathryn L McCabe (KL)

University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Stephen R Hooper (SR)

Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Kelly Schoch (K)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Vandana Shashi (V)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Tony J Simon (TJ)

MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Flora Tassone (F)

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Celso Arango (C)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

David Fraguas (D)

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.

Sixto García-Miñaúr (S)

Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Jaume Morey-Canyelles (J)

Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain.

Jordi Rosell (J)

Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain.

Damià H Suñer (DH)

Laboratorio Unidad de Diagnóstico Molecular y Genética Clínica, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

Jasna Raventos-Simic (J)

Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain.

Michael P Epstein (MP)

Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. mpepste@emory.edu.

Nigel M Williams (NM)

MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. williamsnm@cardiff.ac.uk.

Anne S Bassett (AS)

Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. anne.bassett@utoronto.ca.
Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. anne.bassett@utoronto.ca.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. anne.bassett@utoronto.ca.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH