Fluoride and Thyroid Function in Children Resident of Naturally Fluoridated Areas Consuming Different Levels of Fluoride in Drinking Water: An Observational Study.
Iodine
nutrition
serum fluoride
systemic fluoride
thyroid function test
Journal
Contemporary clinical dentistry
ISSN: 0976-237X
Titre abrégé: Contemp Clin Dent
Pays: India
ID NLM: 101552967
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
entrez:
5
2
2020
pubmed:
6
2
2020
medline:
6
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Literature shows association between systemic fluorides and endocrine disorders especially related to thyroid, with lack of clarity. The aim and objective of this study was to estimate serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels among children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake residing in three different ranges of drinking water fluoride levels. The present double-blinded, observational trial comprised of 293 children aged between 9 and 13 years consuming naturally fluoridated water of three different ranges: Group I: 0.01-0.6 parts per million (ppm), Group II: 0.7-1.2 ppm, and Group III: 1.3-1.8 ppm. For each child's demographic data, body mass index and Clinical Fluorosis Index were recorded along with serum T3, T4, TSH, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 23. For serum TSH levels, 40% of children in Group I had deranged levels followed by Group III (20%) and Group II (16%). For serum T4 levels, 24% of children of both Groups I and III had deranged levels followed by Group II (20%). Intergroup correlation of drinking water fluoride levels to the number of deranged serum T3, T4, and TSH of the children showed nonsignificant association. Serum T3, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels in all children showed values falling within normal range. According to the present study results, long-term intake of fluoridated drinking water (0.02-1.4 ppm) did not show effect on the thyroid function in children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Literature shows association between systemic fluorides and endocrine disorders especially related to thyroid, with lack of clarity.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
The aim and objective of this study was to estimate serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels among children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake residing in three different ranges of drinking water fluoride levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
METHODS
The present double-blinded, observational trial comprised of 293 children aged between 9 and 13 years consuming naturally fluoridated water of three different ranges: Group I: 0.01-0.6 parts per million (ppm), Group II: 0.7-1.2 ppm, and Group III: 1.3-1.8 ppm. For each child's demographic data, body mass index and Clinical Fluorosis Index were recorded along with serum T3, T4, TSH, fluoride, calcium, phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 23.
RESULTS
RESULTS
For serum TSH levels, 40% of children in Group I had deranged levels followed by Group III (20%) and Group II (16%). For serum T4 levels, 24% of children of both Groups I and III had deranged levels followed by Group II (20%). Intergroup correlation of drinking water fluoride levels to the number of deranged serum T3, T4, and TSH of the children showed nonsignificant association. Serum T3, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels in all children showed values falling within normal range.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
According to the present study results, long-term intake of fluoridated drinking water (0.02-1.4 ppm) did not show effect on the thyroid function in children with normal nutritional status and optimal iodine intake.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32015637
doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_108_18
pii: CCD-10-24
pmc: PMC6974988
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
24-30Informations de copyright
Copyright: © 2019 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
There are no conflicts of interest.
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