Chronic Lower Leg Pain in Athletes: Overview of Presentation and Management.
athlete
chronic pain
compartment syndrome
entrapment
lower leg
stress fracture
tendinopathy
Journal
HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery
ISSN: 1556-3316
Titre abrégé: HSS J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101273938
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2020
Feb 2020
Historique:
received:
11
10
2018
accepted:
07
01
2019
entrez:
5
2
2020
pubmed:
6
2
2020
medline:
6
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Athletes with chronic lower leg pain present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to the differential diagnoses that must be considered. We aimed to review the literature for studies on the diagnosis and management of chronic lower leg pain in athletes. A literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were searched, and articles that examined chronic lower leg pain in athletes were considered for review. Two independent reviewers conducted the search utilizing pertinent Boolean operations. Following two independent database searches, 275 articles were considered for initial review. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 88 were included in the final review. These studies show that the most common causes of lower leg pain in athletes include medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, tibial stress fractures, nerve entrapments, lower leg tendinopathies, and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Less frequently encountered causes include saphenous nerve entrapment and tendinopathy of the popliteus. Conservative management is the mainstay of care for the majority of cases of chronic lower leg pain; however, surgical intervention may be necessary. Multiple conditions may result in lower leg pain in athletes. A focused clinical history and physical examination supplemented with appropriate imaging studies can guide clinicians in diagnosis and management. We provide a table to aid in the differential diagnosis of chronic leg pain in the athlete.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Athletes with chronic lower leg pain present a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to the differential diagnoses that must be considered.
PURPOSE/QUESTIONS
UNASSIGNED
We aimed to review the literature for studies on the diagnosis and management of chronic lower leg pain in athletes.
METHODS
METHODS
A literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were searched, and articles that examined chronic lower leg pain in athletes were considered for review. Two independent reviewers conducted the search utilizing pertinent Boolean operations.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Following two independent database searches, 275 articles were considered for initial review. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 88 were included in the final review. These studies show that the most common causes of lower leg pain in athletes include medial tibial stress syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome, tibial stress fractures, nerve entrapments, lower leg tendinopathies, and popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Less frequently encountered causes include saphenous nerve entrapment and tendinopathy of the popliteus. Conservative management is the mainstay of care for the majority of cases of chronic lower leg pain; however, surgical intervention may be necessary.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple conditions may result in lower leg pain in athletes. A focused clinical history and physical examination supplemented with appropriate imaging studies can guide clinicians in diagnosis and management. We provide a table to aid in the differential diagnosis of chronic leg pain in the athlete.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32015745
doi: 10.1007/s11420-019-09669-z
pii: 9669
pmc: PMC6973789
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
86-100Informations de copyright
© Hospital for Special Surgery 2019.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of InterestNeil Mohile, BS, Jose Perez, MD, Michael Rizzo, MD, Christopher P. Emerson, MS, Greg Foremny, MD, Paul Allegra, MD, Harry Greditzer IV, MD, and Jean Jose, DO, declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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