Dendritic Spines in Alzheimer's Disease: How the Actin Cytoskeleton Contributes to Synaptic Failure.


Journal

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Titre abrégé: Int J Mol Sci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101092791

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
30 Jan 2020
Historique:
received: 24 12 2019
revised: 24 01 2020
accepted: 26 01 2020
entrez: 6 2 2020
pubmed: 6 2 2020
medline: 18 11 2020
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by Aβ-driven synaptic dysfunction in the early phases of pathogenesis. In the synaptic context, the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial element to maintain the dendritic spine architecture and to orchestrate the spine's morphology remodeling driven by synaptic activity. Indeed, spine shape and synaptic strength are strictly correlated and precisely governed during plasticity phenomena in order to convert short-term alterations of synaptic strength into long-lasting changes that are embedded in stable structural modification. These functional and structural modifications are considered the biological basis of learning and memory processes. In this review we discussed the existing evidence regarding the role of the spine actin cytoskeleton in AD synaptic failure. We revised the physiological function of the actin cytoskeleton in the spine shaping and the contribution of actin dynamics in the endocytosis mechanism. The internalization process is implicated in different aspects of AD since it controls both glutamate receptor membrane levels and amyloid generation. The detailed understanding of the mechanisms controlling the actin cytoskeleton in a unique biological context as the dendritic spine could pave the way to the development of innovative synapse-tailored therapeutic interventions and to the identification of novel biomarkers to monitor synaptic loss in AD.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32019166
pii: ijms21030908
doi: 10.3390/ijms21030908
pmc: PMC7036943
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Fondazione Cariplo
ID : 2018 - 0511
Organisme : Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
ID : PRIN 2017B9NCSX
Organisme : Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
ID : FFABR18_10

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Auteurs

Silvia Pelucchi (S)

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Ramona Stringhi (R)

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Elena Marcello (E)

Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

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