Avian influenza at animal-human interface: One-health challenge in live poultry retail stalls of Chakwal, Pakistan.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Antibodies, Viral
/ blood
Chickens
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Humans
Infant
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype
Influenza A virus
/ immunology
Influenza in Birds
/ blood
Influenza, Human
/ blood
Male
Middle Aged
Pakistan
/ epidemiology
Poultry Diseases
/ blood
Prevalence
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Young Adult
H9N2
Pakistan
avian influenza
avian influenza viruses
birds
live bird market butchers
risk factors
seroprevalence
surveillance
Journal
Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
Titre abrégé: Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101304007
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
12
06
2019
revised:
26
12
2019
accepted:
28
12
2019
pubmed:
8
2
2020
medline:
20
2
2021
entrez:
8
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Live poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan. The current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers. A field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro-neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real-time RT-PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors. In butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9. Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9. Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers. This study provides evidence of co-circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Live poultry retail stalls (LPRSs) are believed to be the source of human infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little is known about epidemiology of these viruses in LPRSs of Pakistan.
OBJECTIVES
The current study was conducted to estimate the virological and serological prevalence of AIVs in humans and poultry and associated risk factors among seropositive butchers.
METHODS
A field survey of LPRSs of Chakwal District was conducted between December 2015 and March 2016. In total, 322 samples (sera = 161 and throat swab = 161) from butchers and 130 pooled oropharyngeal swabs and 100 sera from birds were collected. Baseline sera (n = 100) from general population were also tested. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Sera were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test further confirmed by micro-neutralization test (MN). Swabs were processed by real-time RT-PCR. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors.
RESULTS
In butchers, 15.5% sera were positive for antibodies against H9 virus using a cutoff of ≥40 in HI titer; 6% sera from general population were positive for H9. Seroprevalence in poultry was 89%, and only 2.30% swabs were positive for H9. Presence of another LPRS nearby and the number of cages in the stall were risk factors (OR > 1) for H9 seroprevalence in butchers.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence of co-circulation of H9 virus in poultry and exposure of butchers in the LPRSs, which poses a continued threat to public health. We suggest regular surveillance of AIVs in occupationally exposed butchers and birds in LPRSs.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32032469
doi: 10.1111/irv.12718
pmc: PMC7182597
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Viral
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
257-265Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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