The Mental and Physical Health of Older Adults With a Genetic Predisposition for Autism.
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
/ psychology
Autism Spectrum Disorder
/ epidemiology
Comorbidity
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
/ epidemiology
Geriatric Assessment
/ methods
Health Status
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Mental Disorders
/ epidemiology
Middle Aged
United Kingdom
ASD
BAP
aging
autism
broad autism phenotype
mental health
older adults
physical health
psychiatric conditions
Journal
Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research
ISSN: 1939-3806
Titre abrégé: Autism Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101461858
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2020
04 2020
Historique:
received:
02
08
2019
revised:
23
12
2019
accepted:
24
01
2020
pubmed:
12
2
2020
medline:
26
1
2021
entrez:
12
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Autism commonly aggregates in families, with twin studies estimating heritability to be around 80%. Subclinical autism-like characteristics have also been found at elevated rates in relatives of autistic probands. Physical and psychiatric conditions have been reported at elevated rates in autistic children and adults, and also in their relatives. However, to date, there has been no exploration of how aging may affect this pattern. This study examined cross-sectional data from the ongoing online PROTECT study. A total of 20,220 adults aged 50 years and older reported whether they have an autistic first-degree relative. In total, 739 older adults reported having an autistic first-degree relative (AFDR group) and 11,666 were identified as having no family history of any neurodevelopmental disorder (NFD group). The AFDR group demonstrated significantly higher frequencies of self-reported psychiatric diagnoses and a greater total number of co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses than the NFD group. Furthermore, the AFDR group reported elevated current self-report symptoms of depression, anxiety, traumatic experience, and post-traumatic stress than the NFD group. By contrast, few differences between AFDR and NFD groups were observed in physical health conditions, and no differences were observed in the total number of co-occurring physical health diagnoses. These findings suggest that adults who have an AFDR may be at greater risk of poor mental, but not physical, health in later life. Older adults with autistic relatives may benefit from close monitoring to mitigate this susceptibility and to provide timely intervention. Autism Res 2020, 13: 641-654. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Children and adults with an autistic relative have been found to experience more psychiatric difficulties than those with no family links to autism. However, a few studies have explored what happens when these individuals get older. Examining over 20,000 adults age 50+, we found that older adults with an autistic relative experienced elevated rates of most psychiatric conditions but not physical conditions. Older adults with autistic relatives may benefit from close monitoring to mitigate this susceptibility and to provide timely intervention.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
641-654Informations de copyright
© 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Références
Akobirshoev, I., Mitra, M., Dembo, R., & Lauer, E. (2019). In-hospital mortality among adults with autism spectrum disorder in the United States: A retrospective analysis of US hospital discharge data. Autism, 24, 177-189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319855795
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 57(1), 289-300.
Bilder, D., Botts, E. L., Smith, K. R., Pimentel, R., Farley, M., Viskochil, J., … Coon, H. (2013). Excess mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: A follow up of the 1980s Utah/UCLA autism epidemiologic study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(5), 1196-1204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1664-z
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L., & Kind, A. J. H. (2017). A scoping review of health disparities in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3380-3391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3251-9
Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L., & Rubenstein, E. (2019). The physical and mental health of middle aged and older adults on the autism spectrum and the impact of intellectual disability. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 63, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.001
Bölte, S., Knecht, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). A case-control study of personality style and psychopathology in parents of subjects with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(2), 243-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0165-3
Bolton, P., Macdonald, H., Pickles, A., Rios, P., Goode, S., Crowson, M., … Rutter, M. (1994). A case-control family history study of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(5), 877-900. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb02300.x
Brown, A. S., Surcel, H.-M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, S., Cheslack-Postava, K., Bao, Y., & Sourander, A. (2015). Maternal thyroid autoantibody and elevated risk of autism in a national birth cohort. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 57(4), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.10.010
Cashin, A., Buckley, T., Trollor, J. N., & Lennox, N. (2018). A scoping review of what is known of the physical health of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629516665242
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(9), 831-844. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121383
Cassidy, S., Bradley, P., Robinson, J., Allison, C., McHugh, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Suicidal ideation and suicide plans or attempts in adults with asperger's syndrome attending a specialist diagnostic clinic: A clinical cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 1(2), 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70248-2
Chisholm, K., Lin, A., Abu-Akel, A., & Wood, S. J. (2015). The association between autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A review of eight alternate models of co-occurrence. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 55, 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.012
Colvert, E., Tick, B., McEwen, F., Stewart, C., Curran, S., Woodhouse, E., … Bolton, P. (2015). Heritability of autism spectrum disorder in a UK population-based twin sample. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(5), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3028
Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.5.524
Croen, L. A., Zerbo, O., Qian, Y., Massolo, M. L., Rich, S., Sidney, S., & Kripke, C. (2015). The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism, 19(7), 814-823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315577517
Daniels, J. L., Forssen, U., Hultman, C. M., Cnattingius, S., Savitz, D. A., Feychting, M., & Sparen, P. (2008). Parental psychiatric disorders associated with autism spectrum disorders in the offspring. Pediatrics, 121(5), e1357-e1362. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2296
Davignon, M. N., Qian, Y., Massolo, M., & Croen, L. A. (2018). Psychiatric and medical conditions in transition-aged individuals with ASD. Pediatrics, 141, S335-S345. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-4300K
Doiron, D., Fiebig, D. G., Johar, M., & Suziedelyte, A. (2015). Does self-assessed health measure health? Applied Economics, 47(2), 180-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.967382
Fagerland, M. (2012). T-tests, non-parametric tests and large studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12(78), d5497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5497
Gillberg, C., Billstedt, E., Sundh, V., & Gillberg, I. C. (2010). Mortality in autism: A prospective longitudinal community-based study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(3), 352-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0883-4
Golomb, B. A., Chan, V. T., Evans, M. A., Koperski, S., White, H. L., & Criqui, M. H. (2012). The older the better: Are elderly study participants more non-representative? A cross-sectional analysis of clinical trial and observational study samples. BMJ Open, 2(6), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000833
Grabe, H., Schulz, A., Schmidt, C., Appel, K., Driessen, M., Wingenfeld, K., … Freyberger, H. (2012). A brief instrument for the assessment of childhood abuse and neglect: The childhood trauma screener (CTS). Psychiatrische Praxis, 39(3), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1298984
Hand, B. N., Angell, A. M., Harris, L., & Carpenter, L. A. (2019). Prevalence of physical and mental health conditions in Medicare-enrolled, autistic older adults. Autism, 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361319890793
Happé, F., & Charlton, R. A. (2011). Aging in autism spectrum disorders: A mini-review. Gerontology, 58(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1159/000329720
Happé, F., Ronald, A., & Plomin, R. (2006). Time to give up on a single explanation for autism. Nature Neuroscience, 9(10), 1218-1220. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1770
Hastings, R. P., Kovshoff, H., Ward, N. J., Degli Espinosa, F., Brown, T., & Remington, B. (2005). Systems analysis of stress and positive perceptions in mothers and fathers of pre-school children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(5), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0007-8
Hirvikoski, T., Boman, M., Chen, Q., D'Onofrio, B. M., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Lichtenstein, P., … Larsson, H. (2019). Individual risk and familial liability for suicide attempt and suicide in autism: A population-based study. Psychological Medicine, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291719001405
Hirvikoski, T., Mittendorfer-Rutz, E., Boman, M., Larsson, H., Lichtenstein, P., & Bölte, S. (2016). Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192
Hodge, D., Hoffman, C. D., & Sweeney, D. P. (2011). Increased psychopathology in parents of children with autism: Genetic liability or burden of caregiving? Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 23(3), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-010-9218-9
Hoekstra, R. A., Happé, F., Baron-Cohen, S., & Ronald, A. (2009). Association between extreme autistic traits and intellectual disability: Insights from a general population twin study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(6), 531-536. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060889
Howlin, P., & Taylor, J. L. (2015). Addressing the need for high quality research on autism in adulthood. Autism, 19(7), 771-773. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315595582
Ingoe, L., Phipps, N., Armstrong, G., Rajagopal, A., Kamali, F., & Razvi, S. (2017). Prevalence of treated hypothyroidism in the community: Analysis from general practices in North-East England with implications for the United Kingdom. Clinical Endocrinology, 87(6), 860-864. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13440
Janszky, I., Ahnve, S., Lundberg, I., & Hemmingsson, T. (2010). Early-onset depression, anxiety, and risk of subsequent coronary heart disease. 37-year follow-up of 49,321 young Swedish men. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 56(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.033
Jokiranta, E., Brown, A. S., Heinimaa, M., Cheslack-Postava, K., Partanen, A., & Sourander, A. (2013). Parental psychiatric disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Research, 207(3), 203-211. https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.005
Jones, K. B., Cottle, K., Bakian, A., Farley, M., Bilder, D., Coon, H., & McMahon, W. M. (2016). A description of medical conditions in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A follow-up of the 1980s Utah/UCLA autism epidemiologic study. Autism, 20(5), 551-561. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315594798
Khalifeh, H., Oram, S., Trevillion, K., Johnson, S., & Howard, L. M. (2015). Recent intimate partner violence among people with chronic mental illness: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 207(3), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.144899
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2003). The patient health questionnaire-2. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284-1292. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C
Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Autism. The Lancet, 383(9920), 896-910. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1
Larsson, H. J., Thorsen, P., Olesen, A. V., Madsen, K. M., Agerbo, E., Eaton, W. W., … Mortensen, P. B. (2005). Risk factors for autism: Perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history, and socioeconomic status. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161(10), 916-925. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi123
Laursen, T. M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2013). Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 425-448. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657
Lever, A. G., & Geurts, H. M. (2016). Psychiatric co-occurring symptoms and disorders in young, middle-aged, and older adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 1916-1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2722-8
Losh, M., & Piven, J. (2007). Social-cognition and the broad autism phenotype: Identifying genetically meaningful phenotypes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 48(1), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01594.x
Mehtar, M., & Mukaddes, N. M. (2011). Posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 539-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.020
Meltzer, A., & Van De Water, J. (2017). The role of the immune system in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(1), 284-298. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.158
Meltzer, L. J. (2011). Factors associated with depressive symptoms in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 361-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.05.001
Miller, M., Iosif, A. M., Young, G. S., Bell, L. J., Schwichtenberg, A. J., Hutman, T., & Ozonoff, S. (2019). The dysregulation profile in preschoolers with and without a family history of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 60(5), 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13003
Moss, P., Eirinaki, V., Savage, S., & Howlin, P. (2018). Growing older with autism - The experiences of adult siblings of individuals with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 63, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2018.10.005
Mouridsen, S. E., Brønnum-Hansen, H., Rich, B., & Isager, T. (2008). Mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: An update. Autism, 12(4), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361308091653
Nylander, L., Holmqvist, M., Gustafson, L., & Gillberg, C. (2013). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adult psychiatry. A 20-year register study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 67(5), 344-350. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2012.748824
Olfson, M., Gerhard, T., Huang, C., Crystal, S., & Stroup, T. S. (2015). Premature mortality among adults with schizophrenia in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(12), 1172-1181. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1737
Perkins, E. A., & Berkman, K. A. (2012). Into the unknown: Aging with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(6), 478-496. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-117.6.478
Roberts, A. L., Koenen, K. C., Lyall, K., Robinson, E. B., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2015). Association of autistic traits in adulthood with childhood abuse, interpersonal victimization, and posttraumatic stress. Child Abuse and Neglect, 45, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.010
Robinson, E., Koenen, K. C., Mccormick, M. C., Munir, K., Hallett, V., Happé, F., & Ronald, A. (2011). Evidence that autistic traits show the same etiology in the general population and at the quantitative extremes (5%, 2.5% and 1%). Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(11), 1113-1121. https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.119
Ronald, A. (2019). Editorial: The psychopathology p factor: will it revolutionise the science and practice of child and adolescent psychiatry? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 60(5), 497-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13063
Ronald, A., Simonoff, E., Kuntsi, J., Asherson, P., & Plomin, R. (2008). Evidence for overlapping genetic influences on autistic and ADHD behaviours in a community twin sample. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 49(5), 535-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01857.x
Rubenstein, E., & Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L. (2019). A matter of time: The necessity of temporal language in research on health conditions that present with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 12(1), 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2010
Rumball, F. (2018). A systematic review of the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders., 6, 294-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-018-0133-9
Rydzewska, E., Hughes-mccormack, L. A., Gillberg, C., Henderson, A., Macintyre, C., Rintoul, J., & Cooper, S. (2019). General health of adults with autism spectrum disorders - A whole country population cross-sectional study. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 60, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.004
Saha, S., Chant, D., Welham, J., & McGrath, J. (2005). A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Medicine, 2(5), e141. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020141
Sandin, S., Lichtenstein, P., Kuja-Halkola, R., Hultman, C., Larsson, H., & Reichenberg, A. (2017). The heritability of autism spectrum disorder. JAMA, 318(12), 1182-1184. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.12141
Sandin, S., Lichtenstein, P., Kuja-Halkola, R., Larsson, H., Hultman, C. M., & Reichenberg, A. (2014). The familial risk of autism. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311(17), 1770-1777. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.4144
Schulz, R., Beach, S. R., Ives, D. G., Martire, L. M., Ariyo, A. A., & Kop, W. J. (2000). Association between depression and mortality in older adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(12), 1761. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.12.1761
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
Starkstein, S., Gellar, S., Parlier, M., Payne, L., & Piven, J. (2015). High rates of parkinsonism in adults with autism. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-015-9125-6
Storch, E. A., Sulkowski, M. L., Nadeau, J., Lewin, A. B., Arnold, E. B., Mutch, P. J., … Murphy, T. K. (2013). The phenomenology and clinical correlates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(10), 2450-2459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1795-x
Tehee, E., Honan, R., & Hevey, D. (2009). Factors contributing to stress in parents of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00437.x
Vanderpump, M. P. J. (2011). The epidemiology of thyroid disease. British Medical Bulletin, 99(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldr030
Westwood, H., Eisler, I., Mandy, W., Leppanen, J., Treasure, J., & Tchanturia, K. (2016). Using the autism-spectrum quotient to measure autistic traits in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 964-977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2641-0
Westwood, H., & Tchanturia, K. (2017). Autism spectrum disorder in anorexia nervosa: An updated literature review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 19(7), 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-017-0791-9
Wilkins, K. C., Lang, A. J., & Norman, S. B. (2011). Synthesis of the psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL) military, civilian, and specific versions. Depression and Anxiety, 28(7), 596-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20837
Yirmiya, N., & Shaked, M. (2005). Psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46(1), 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00334.x