Weather underground: Subsurface hydrologic processes mediate tree vulnerability to extreme climatic drought.
Quercus douglasii
climate change
drought
hydrologic niche
hydrology
lithology
oak woodlands
subsurface
water
Journal
Global change biology
ISSN: 1365-2486
Titre abrégé: Glob Chang Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9888746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
09
10
2019
revised:
12
01
2020
accepted:
13
01
2020
pubmed:
15
2
2020
medline:
1
7
2020
entrez:
15
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Drought extent and severity have increased and are predicted to continue to increase in many parts of the world. Understanding tree vulnerability to drought at both individual and species levels is key to ongoing forest management and preparation for future transitions in community composition. The influence of subsurface hydrologic processes is particularly important in water-limited ecosystems, and is an under-studied aspect of tree drought vulnerability. With California's 2013-2016 extraordinary drought as a natural experiment, we studied four co-occurring woodland tree species, blue oak (Quercus douglasii), valley oak (Quercus lobata), gray pine (Pinus sabiniana), and California juniper (Juniperus californica), examining drought vulnerability as a function of climate, lithology and hydrology using regional aerial dieback surveys and site-scale field surveys. We found that in addition to climatic drought severity (i.e., rainfall), subsurface processes explained variation in drought vulnerability within and across species at both scales. Regionally for blue oak, severity of dieback was related to the bedrock lithology, with higher mortality on igneous and metamorphic substrates, and to regional reductions in groundwater. At the site scale, access to deep subsurface water, evidenced by stem water stable isotope composition, was related to canopy condition across all species. Along hillslope gradients, channel locations supported similar environments in terms of water stress across a wide climatic gradient, indicating that subsurface hydrology mediates species' experience of drought, and that areas associated with persistent access to subsurface hydrologic resources may provide important refugia at species' xeric range edges. Despite this persistent overall influence of the subsurface environment, individual species showed markedly different response patterns. We argue that hydrologic niche segregation can be a useful lens through which to interpret these differences in vulnerability to climatic drought and climate change.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3091-3107Subventions
Organisme : National Institute of Food and Agriculture
ID : 1006829
Pays : International
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : IOS-1441396
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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