Pediatric pain treatment and prevention for hospitalized children.
Breastfeeding
Comfort positioning
Distraction
Multimodal analgesia
Pain prevention
Pain treatment
Pediatric pain
Sucrose
Topical anesthesia
Journal
Pain reports
ISSN: 2471-2531
Titre abrégé: Pain Rep
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101683899
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
28
08
2019
revised:
23
10
2019
accepted:
13
11
2019
entrez:
20
2
2020
pubmed:
20
2
2020
medline:
20
2
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Prevention and treatment of pain in pediatric patients compared with adults is often not only inadequate but also less often implemented the younger the children are. Children 0 to 17 years are a vulnerable population. To address the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic pain in children, including pain caused by needles, with recommended analgesic starting doses. This Clinical Update elaborates on the 2019 IASP Global Year Against Pain in the Vulnerable "Factsheet Pain in Children: Management" and reviews best evidence and practice. Multimodal analgesia may include pharmacology (eg, basic analgesics, opioids, and adjuvant analgesia), regional anesthesia, rehabilitation, psychological approaches, spirituality, and integrative modalities, which act synergistically for more effective acute pediatric pain control with fewer side effects than any single analgesic or modality. For chronic pain, an interdisciplinary rehabilitative approach, including physical therapy, psychological treatment, integrative mind-body techniques, and normalizing life, has been shown most effective. For elective needle procedures, such as blood draws, intravenous access, injections, or vaccination, overwhelming evidence now mandates that a bundle of 4 modalities to eliminate or decrease pain should be offered to every child every time: (1) topical anesthesia, eg, lidocaine 4% cream, (2) comfort positioning, eg, skin-to-skin contact for infants, not restraining children, (3) sucrose or breastfeeding for infants, and (4) age-appropriate distraction. A deferral process (Plan B) may include nitrous gas analgesia and sedation. Failure to implement evidence-based pain prevention and treatment for children in medical facilities is now considered inadmissible and poor standard of care.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32072099
doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000804
pii: PAINREPORTS-D-19-0113
pmc: PMC7004501
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e804Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.
Références
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 13;(3):CD004236
pubmed: 24627224
Clin J Pain. 2015 Oct;31(10 Suppl):S20-37
pubmed: 26352919
Cogn Behav Ther. 2016;45(1):5-31
pubmed: 26818413
J Health Care Chaplain. 2013;19(1):33-42
pubmed: 23551049
Anesth Analg. 2004 Apr;98(4):1077-81, table of contents
pubmed: 15041602
JAMA. 2015 Jun 23-30;313(24):2474-83
pubmed: 26103031
Acupunct Med. 2016 Aug;34(4):257-66
pubmed: 26879181
Hosp Pediatr. 2015 Jul;5(7):363-70
pubmed: 26136310
ANZ J Surg. 2019 Jul 23;:
pubmed: 31334592
Clin J Pain. 2019 Jun;35(6):501-508
pubmed: 30985399
Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2013 Jun;7(2):131-8
pubmed: 23635878
N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):827-8
pubmed: 19692698
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 May;154(5):804-5
pubmed: 27130944
J Adolesc Health. 2013 May;52(5):559-65
pubmed: 23298988
J Palliat Med. 2012 Jun;15(6):719-22
pubmed: 22401313
Pediatric Health Med Ther. 2015 Mar 18;6:15-32
pubmed: 29388613
Eur J Pain. 2017 Sep;21(8):1301-1315
pubmed: 28573783
Pain. 2014 Jan;155(1):14-21
pubmed: 23969325
Br J Anaesth. 1999 Jun;82(6):886-9
pubmed: 10562784
J Pediatr Psychol. 2010 Mar;35(2):138-40
pubmed: 19684118
J Palliat Med. 2017 Jun;20(6):667-671
pubmed: 27996364
Pain. 2015 Aug;156(8):1511-8
pubmed: 25906349
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017 Nov;64(11):
pubmed: 28585713
Pain Manag Nurs. 2013 Dec;14(4):e244-e250
pubmed: 24315277
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 18;3:CD009660
pubmed: 30883665
J Pediatr Psychol. 2015 Oct;40(9):840-5
pubmed: 25979085
CMAJ. 2010 Dec 14;182(18):E843-55
pubmed: 21098062
J Burn Care Rehabil. 2005 Sep-Oct;26(5):409-15
pubmed: 16151286
Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Sep;97(36):e12061
pubmed: 30200086
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Oct 04;10:CD005179
pubmed: 30284240
Acad Pediatr. 2018 May - Jun;18(4):376-383
pubmed: 29229566
Pain. 2012 May;153(5):960-6
pubmed: 22424877
BMC Pediatr. 2013 Nov 09;13:182
pubmed: 24284002
Lancet. 1997 Mar 1;349(9052):599-603
pubmed: 9057731
J Pain. 2008 Mar;9(3):226-36
pubmed: 18088558
Neonatology. 2014;105(3):218-26
pubmed: 24503902
CMAJ. 2017 Feb 13;189(6):E227-E234
pubmed: 27956393
Pain. 2015 Nov;156(11):2245-55
pubmed: 26133726
Rev Pain. 2008 Sep;2(1):14-20
pubmed: 26525515
Psychol Med. 2016 Mar;46(4):877-89
pubmed: 26620720
Pediatrics. 2002 Jun;109(6):1093-9
pubmed: 12042548
Pediatrics. 2016 Sep;138(3):
pubmed: 27573088
N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 29;375(26):2519-29
pubmed: 27959716
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999 Apr;153(4):331-8
pubmed: 10201714
Arch Trauma Res. 2012 Fall;1(3):135-6
pubmed: 24396763
Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;117(4):848-53
pubmed: 20925043
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010 May;39(5):904-13
pubmed: 20471550
J Pediatr. 2016 Feb;169:310-2
pubmed: 26578075
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Dec 12;12:CD004950
pubmed: 23235618
Lancet. 2006 Aug 19;368(9536):704
pubmed: 16920476
Clin J Pain. 2016 Dec;32(12):1086-1093
pubmed: 26783986
JAMA. 2003 Nov 12;290(18):2464-9
pubmed: 14612483
Pain. 2015 Jan;156(1):185-91
pubmed: 25599314
J Pain Res. 2013 Nov 11;6:785-90
pubmed: 24250232
J Pediatr. 2014 Feb;164(2):276-82.e1-3
pubmed: 24238862
J Pain. 2007 Jun;8(6):515-21
pubmed: 17434801
J Burn Care Res. 2013 Jul-Aug;34(4):e257-62
pubmed: 23271060
Pediatrics. 2015 Mar;135(3):e607-14
pubmed: 25687147
Pain. 2015 Jun;156(6):1003-7
pubmed: 25844555
Clin J Pain. 2015 Oct;31(10 Suppl):S3-11
pubmed: 26352920
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011 Dec;27(12):1107-12
pubmed: 22134227
Pain. 2009 May;143(1-2):138-46
pubmed: 19307058
Acad Emerg Med. 2015 Apr;22(4):447-51
pubmed: 25779227
Clin J Pain. 2014 Jul;30(7):598-604
pubmed: 24300226
Pain. 2014 Oct;155(10):1955-61
pubmed: 24954165
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Feb 15;31(4):468-72
pubmed: 16481960
Clin J Pain. 2012 Nov-Dec;28(9):766-74
pubmed: 22688602
Arch Dis Child. 2011 Aug;96(8):769-76
pubmed: 20605859
Eur J Pain. 2004 Jun;8(3):187-99
pubmed: 15109969
Cancer. 2012 Nov 1;118(21):5374-83
pubmed: 22965656
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2017 Nov;64(11):
pubmed: 28475231
J Palliat Med. 2015 May;18(5):453-6
pubmed: 25658145
Pain. 2016 Jan;157(1):174-85
pubmed: 26335910
Pain. 2008 Aug 15;138(1):11-21
pubmed: 18093737
Am Psychol. 2014 Feb-Mar;69(2):142-52
pubmed: 24547800
Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017 Feb;46(4):520-528
pubmed: 27569276
Arch Dis Child. 2003 Oct;88(10):881-5
pubmed: 14500306
J Pediatr Psychol. 2018 Oct 1;43(9):981-994
pubmed: 29788083
Pain Rep. 2018 Sep 11;3(Suppl 1):e671
pubmed: 30324169
Pain. 1991 Sep;46(3):247-64
pubmed: 1758709
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Oct 10;(10):CD005179
pubmed: 24108531
Vaccine. 2012 Jul 6;30(32):4807-12
pubmed: 22617633
Pain Res Manag. 2012 May-Jun;17(3):173-9
pubmed: 22606682
J Burn Care Res. 2016 May-Jun;37(3):e213-7
pubmed: 25412051
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Aug;35(8):1779-87
pubmed: 21530584
Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):946-56
pubmed: 20216531
Can Fam Physician. 2015 Aug;61(8):e372-81
pubmed: 26505059
Pain Res Manag. 2014 Jul-Aug;19(4):198-204
pubmed: 24809068
Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017 Jun;30(3):349-356
pubmed: 28323671
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002 Oct;24(7):566-8
pubmed: 12368697
J Pain. 2012 Jan;13(1):1-9
pubmed: 22178433
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Oct;2(10):727-737
pubmed: 28826627
J Pediatr Psychol. 2001 Oct-Nov;26(7):429-34
pubmed: 11553697
CMAJ. 2015 Sep 22;187(13):975-982
pubmed: 26303247
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 2;109(40):E2657-64
pubmed: 22927402
Pain. 2014 Nov;155(11):2368-76
pubmed: 25218826
J Pain. 2015 Oct;16(10):1054-64
pubmed: 26168877
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jan 23;(1):CD008435
pubmed: 24459000
Paediatr Anaesth. 2004 Dec;14(12):977-82
pubmed: 15601345
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 16;7:CD001069
pubmed: 27420164
Ann Palliat Med. 2018 Jan;7(1):136-150
pubmed: 28866891
J Opioid Manag. 2013 Mar-Apr;9(2):151-5
pubmed: 23709324
Pediatrics. 2012 May;129(5):e1343-7
pubmed: 22492761
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006 Jan;31(1):70-84
pubmed: 16442484
Pain. 2014 Jun;155(6):1118-27
pubmed: 24631587
Clin Ther. 2009;31 Suppl 2:S152-67
pubmed: 19781434
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2017 Jun;53(6):e5-e7
pubmed: 28274843
BMC Pediatr. 2018 Feb 23;18(1):85
pubmed: 29475433
Pain. 2019 Nov;160(11):2580-2588
pubmed: 31356452
J Opioid Manag. 2015 Jul-Aug;11(4):283-94
pubmed: 26312955
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:3837194
pubmed: 29234385
J Pediatr. 2002 Jul;141(1):135-40
pubmed: 12091866
Clin J Pain. 1999 Sep;15(3):218-23
pubmed: 10524475
Anesthesiology. 2003 Dec;99(6):1371-5
pubmed: 14639151
Pediatrics. 1986 Jan;77(1):11-5
pubmed: 2415909
Pain. 2019 Feb;160(2):367-374
pubmed: 30247263
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 May 05;(5):CD003968
pubmed: 24796681
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013 Dec;46(6):859-73
pubmed: 23541741
Cogn Behav Ther. 2016 Apr;45(3):217-35
pubmed: 27007463
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 Mar;61(3):328-337
pubmed: 28032329
Anesthesiology. 2002 Apr;96(4):1004-17
pubmed: 11964611
J Palliat Med. 2017 Jul;20(7):779-783
pubmed: 28186850
Ann Emerg Med. 2015 Nov;66(5):466-74
pubmed: 25935844
J Pediatr Psychol. 2018 Apr 1;43(3):243-251
pubmed: 29048551
Pain. 2011 Dec;152(12):2729-38
pubmed: 22078064
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Apr;78(2):268-72
pubmed: 20350037
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013 Feb;29(2):245-65
pubmed: 23546436
Adv Neonatal Care. 2016 Jun;16(3):229-38
pubmed: 27148835
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2016 Feb;7:61-68
pubmed: 27525299
Hosp Pediatr. 2015 Jan;5(1):18-26
pubmed: 25554755
Pain. 2017 Oct;158(10):1992-2000
pubmed: 28777771
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Mar 12;110(11):E980-2
pubmed: 23599952
Clin J Pain. 2017 Nov;33(11):962-975
pubmed: 28379873
Pain Manag Nurs. 2013 Dec;14(4):e204-e215
pubmed: 24315274
Dan Med J. 2013 Jun;60(6):A4627
pubmed: 23743110
J Support Oncol. 2004 Jan-Feb;2(1):90-4
pubmed: 15330376
J Pain. 2012 Sep;13(9):857-65
pubmed: 22958873
J Palliat Med. 2011 Jan;14(1):39-44
pubmed: 21244252
Pediatrics. 2011 May;127 Suppl 1:S92-9
pubmed: 21502253
CMAJ. 2010 Dec 14;182(18):1989-95
pubmed: 21098067
Eur J Pediatr. 2013 Feb;172(2):265-8
pubmed: 23093138
Altern Ther Health Med. 2008 Sep-Oct;14(5):52-6
pubmed: 18780584
Lancet Neurol. 2015 Feb;14(2):162-73
pubmed: 25575710
J Pain Symptom Manage. 1996 May;11(5):312-20
pubmed: 8636629
Hosp Pediatr. 2018 Sep;8(9):515-523
pubmed: 30076160
J Pediatr Intensive Care. 2015 Sep;4(3):138-145
pubmed: 31110863
Int J Nurs Stud. 2016 Oct;62:118-25
pubmed: 27474944
J Pediatr Psychol. 2013 Jan-Feb;38(1):72-81
pubmed: 23071352
Cancer. 2009 Mar 15;115(6):1215-23
pubmed: 19204904
J Palliat Med. 2015 Apr;18(4):373-7
pubmed: 25469808
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011 Mar;33(2):119-27
pubmed: 21285907
Pain. 2010 Mar;148(3):387-97
pubmed: 19910118
Anesth Analg. 1997 Oct;85(4):794-6
pubmed: 9322457
Children (Basel). 2016 Dec 10;3(4):
pubmed: 27973405
Pain Res Manag. 2008 Jan-Feb;13(1):25-32
pubmed: 18301813
J Pediatr Psychol. 2010 Mar;35(2):128-37
pubmed: 19465538
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 29;9:CD003968
pubmed: 30270423
Pain. 1983 Sep;17(1):71-81
pubmed: 6634214
Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2):
pubmed: 27462067