Do birds help trees grow? An experimental study of the effects of land-use intensification on avian trophic cascades.
arthropods
birds
ecosystem services
forest management
herbicides
land-use intensification
temperate forests
trophic cascades
Journal
Ecology
ISSN: 1939-9170
Titre abrégé: Ecology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0043541
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2020
06 2020
Historique:
received:
12
09
2019
revised:
26
12
2019
accepted:
24
01
2020
pubmed:
23
2
2020
medline:
7
1
2021
entrez:
21
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
By regulating populations of herbivores, predators can indirectly influence plant production. However, the factors influencing the strength of this type of trophic cascade are still unclear. We hypothesized that changes to plant community structure would affect the number of avian predators, thereby mediating cascade strength. Using a 4-yr, blocked, split-plot experiment, we independently manipulated both predators (birds) and plants in an early seral managed forest system in western Oregon, USA, and measured abundance across three trophic levels. We applied herbicides, as a surrogate for land-use intensification, to recently clear-cut stands to establish an experimental gradient in plant abundance and species richness, and excluded birds using 28, 225 m
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e03018Subventions
Organisme : Oregon Forest Industries Council
Pays : International
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : Graduate Research Fellowship No. 1840998
Pays : International
Organisme : USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
ID : AFRI-2009-04457
Pays : International
Organisme : USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
ID : AFRI-2015-67019-23178
Pays : International
Organisme : National Council for Air and Stream Improvement
Pays : International
Organisme : Oregon State University
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 by the Ecological Society of America.
Références
Adams, D. M., and G. S. Latta. 2007. Timber trends on private lands in western Oregon and Washington: a new look. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22:8-14.
Adams, W. T., S. Hobbs, and N. Johnson. 2005. Intensively managed forest plantations in the pacific northwest: introduction. Journal of Forestry 103:59-60.
Betts, M. G., J. Verschuyl, J. Giovanini, T. Stokely, and A. J. Kroll. 2013. Initial experimental effects of intensive forest management on avian abundance. Forest Ecology and Management 310:1036-1044.
Borer, E. T., B. S. Halpern, and E. W. Seabloom. 2006. Asymmetry in community regulation: effects of predators and productivity. Ecology 87:2813-2820.
Borer, E. T., E. W. Seabloom, J. B. Shurin, K. E. Anderson, C. A. Blanchette, B. Broitman, and B. S. Halpern. 2005. What determines the strength of a trophic cascade? Ecology 86:528-537.
Bridgeland, W. T., P. Beier, T. Kolb, and T. G. Whitham. 2010. A conditional trophic cascade: birds benefit faster growing trees with strong links between predators and plants. Ecology 91:73-84.
Clare, E. L., B. R. Barber, B. W. Sweeney, P. D. N. Hebert, and M. B. Fenton. 2011. Eating local: influences of habitat on the diet of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Molecular Ecology 20:1772-1780.
R Core Team. 2018. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
d’Annunzio, R., M. Sandker, Y. Finegold, and Z. Min. 2015. Projecting global forest area towards 2030. Forest Ecology and Management 352:124-133.
de Groot, R., et al. 2012. Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units. Ecosystem Services 1:50-61.
Dixon, K. L. 1960. Additional data on the establishment of the chestnut-backed chickadee at Berkeley, California. Condor 62:405-408.
Donald, P. F., R. E. Green, and M. F. Heath. 2001. Agricultural intensification and the collapse of Europe’s farmland bird populations. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 268:25-29.
Ehrlich, P., D. S. Dobkin, and D. Wheye.1988. The birder’s handbook. Simon and Schuster, New York, New York, USA.
Elton, C. S. 1927. Animal ecology. Sidgwick and Jackson, London, UK.
Englund, G. 1997. Importance of spatial scale and prey movements in predator caging experiments. Ecology 78:2316-2325.
Fretwell, S. D., and A. L. Barach. 1977. The regulation of plant communities by the food chains exploiting them. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 20:169-185.
Fretwell, S. D., and H. L. Lucas. 1969. On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. Acta Biotheoretica 19:16-36.
Goheen, E. M., and E. A. Willhite. 2006. Field guide to common diseases and insect pests of Oregon and Washington conifers. R6-NR-FID-PR-01-06. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Haché, S., M.-A. Villard, and E. M. Bayne. 2013. Experimental evidence for an ideal free distribution in a breeding population of a territorial songbird. Ecology 94:861-869.
Haddad, N. M., G. M. Crutsinger, K. Gross, J. Haarstad, and D. Tilman. 2011. Plant diversity and the stability of foodwebs. Ecology Letters 14:42-46.
Hagar, J. C., K. M. Dugger, and E. E. Starkey. 2007. Arthropod prey of Wilson’s warblers in the understory of Douglas-fir forests. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 119:533-546.
Hairston, N. G., F. E. Smith, and L. B. Slobodkin. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. American Naturalist 94:421-425.
Hedges, L. V., J. Gurevitch, and P. S. Curtis. 1999. The meta-analysis of response rations in experimental ecology. Ecology 80:1150-1156.
Hunter, M. D., and P. W. Price. 1999. Playing chutes and ladders: heterogeneity and the relative roles of bottom-up and top-down forces in natural communities. Ecology 73:724-732.
Jia, S., X. Wang, Z. Yuan, F. Lin, J. Ye, Z. Hao, and M. S. Luskin. 2018. Global signal of top-down control of terrestrial plant communities by herbivores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115:6237-6242.
Karp, D. S., et al. 2018. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115:E7863-E7870.
Karp, D. S., and G. C. Daily. 2014. Cascading effects of insectivorous birds and bats in tropical coffee plantations. Ecology 95:1065-1074.
Karp, D. S., C. D. Mendenhall, R. F. Sandí, N. Chaumont, P. R. Ehrlich, E. A. Hadly, and G. C. Daily. 2013. Forest bolsters bird abundance, pest control and coffee yield. Ecology Letters 16:1339-1347.
Keenan, R. J., G. A. Reams, F. Achard, J. V. de Freitas, A. Grainger, and E. Lindquist. 2015. Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. Forest Ecology and Management 352:9-20.
Kellermann, J. L., M. D. Johnson, A. M. Stercho, and S. C. Hackett. 2008. Ecological and economic services provided by birds on Jamaican Blue Mountain coffee farms. Conservation Biology 22:1177-1185.
Kroll, A. J., J. Verschuyl, J. Giovanini, and M. G. Betts. 2017. Assembly dynamics of a forest bird community depend on disturbance intensity and foraging guild. Journal of Applied Ecology. 54:784-793.
Lenth, R. 2018. emmeans: estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 1.2.3. https://github.com/rvlenth/emmeans
Lindeman, R. L. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:399-417.
Link, W. A., M. R. Schofield, R. J. Barker, and J. R. Sauer. 2018. On the robustness of N-mixture models. Ecology 99:1547-1551.
Loehle, C., M. Scherr, and J. Verschuyl. 2019. Foliage arthropod biomass equations for open vegetation conditions of the Pacific Coast Range. Northwest Science 93:155.
Maas, B., Y. Clough, T. Tscharntke, and F. Courchamp. 2013. Bats and birds increase crop yield in tropical agroforestry landscapes. Ecology Letters 16:1480-1487.
MacArthur, R. H., and J. W. MacArthur. 1961. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42:594-598.
Mäntylä, E., T. Klemola, and T. Laaksonen. 2011. Birds help plants: a meta-analysis of top-down trophic cascades caused by avian predators. Oecologia 165:143-151.
Marquis, R. J., and C. J. Whelan. 1994. Insectivorous birds increase growth of White Oak through consumption of leaf-chewing insects. Ecology 75:2007-2014.
Meserve, P. L., D. A. Kelt, W. B. Milstead, and J. R. Gutiérrez. 2003. Thirteen years of shifting top-down and bottom-up control. BioScience 53:633.
Meyfroidt, P., and E. F. Lambin. 2011. Global forest transition: prospects for an end to deforestation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 36:343-371.
Mols, C. M., and M. E. Visser. 2002. Great tits can reduce caterpillar damage in apple orchards. Journal of Applied Ecology 39:888-899.
Mooney, K. A., D. S. Gruner, N. A. Barber, S. A. Van Bael, S. M. Philpott, and R. Greenberg. 2010. Interactions among predators and the cascading effects of vertebrate insectivores on arthropod communities and plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107:7335-7340.
Mooney, K. A., and Y. B. Linhart. 2006. Contrasting cascades: insectivorous birds increase pine but not parasitic mistletoe growth. Journal of Animal Ecology 75:350-357.
Mumm, R., and M. Hilker. 2006. Direct and indirect chemical defense of pine against folivorous insects. Trends in Plant Science 11:351-358.
Ohmann, J. L., M. J. Gregory, and T. A. Spies. 2007. Influence of environment, disturbance, and ownership on forest vegetation of coastal Oregon. Ecological Applications 17:18-33.
Oksanen, L., S. D. Fretwell, J. Arruda, and P. Niemela. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist 118:240-261.
Omacini, M., E. J. Chaneton, C. M. Ghersa, and C. B. Müller. 2001. Symbiotic fungal endophytes control insect host-parasite interaction webs. Nature 409:78-81.
Oregon. 2017. Forest health highlights in Oregon-2016. Oregon Department of Forestry and USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Paine, R. T. 1980. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Journal of Animal Ecology 49:666.
Pearson, S. F., J. Giovanini, J. Jones, and A. J. Kroll. 2015. Breeding bird community continues to colonize riparian buffers ten years after harvest. PLoS ONE 10:e014324.
Pinheiro, J., and D. Bates. 2000. Mixed-effects models in S and S-PLUS. Springer, New York, New York, USA.
Pinheiro, J., D. Bates, S. DebRoy, D. Sarkar, and R Core Team. 2018. nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-137. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme
Polis, G. A., and R. D. Holt. 1992. Intraguild predation: the dynamics of complex trophic interactions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7:151-154.
Ralph, C. J., S. Droege, and J. S. Sauer.1995. Monitoring bird populations by point counts. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-149. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Albany, California, USA.
Ripple, W. J., J. A. Estes, O. J. Schmitz, V. Constant, M. J. Kaylor, A. Lenz, J. L. Motley, K. E. Self, D. S. Taylor, and C. Wolf. 2016. What is a trophic cascade? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31:842-849.
Ross, D. W., B. B. Hostetler, and J. Johansen. 2006. Douglas-fir beetle response to artificial creation of down wood in the Oregon Coast Range. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21:117-122.
Schmitz, O. J., P. A. Hambäck, and A. P. Beckerman. 2000. Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: a review of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. American Naturalist 155:141-153.
Schowalter, T. D. 1995. Canopy arthropod communities in relation to forest age and alternative harvest practices in western Oregon. Forest Ecology and Management 78:115-125.
Şekercioğlu, C. H., D. G. Wenny, and C. J. Whelan, editors. 2016. Why birds matter. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Sloan, S., and J. A. Sayer. 2015. Forest resources assessment of 2015 shows positive global trends but forest loss and degradation persist in poor tropical countries. Forest Ecology and Management 352:134-145.
Stokely, T. D., J. Verschuyl, J. C. Hagar, and M. G. Betts. 2018. Herbicides and herbivory interact to drive plant community and crop-tree establishment. Ecological Applications 28:2011-2023.
Thies, C., et al. 2011. The relationship between agricultural intensification and biological control: experimental tests across Europe. Ecological Applications 21:2187-2196.
Thomas, D. W. 1988. The distribution of bats in different ages of Douglas-fir forests. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:619.
Tscharntke, T., A. M. Klein, A. Kruess, I. Steffan-Dewenter, and C. Thies. 2005. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity-ecosystem service management. Ecology Letters 8:857-874.
Tylianakis, J. M., T. Tscharntke, and O. T. Lewis. 2007. Habitat modification alters the structure of tropical host-parasitoid food webs. Nature 445:202-205.
Van Bael, S. A., S. M. Philpott, R. Greenberg, P. Bichier, N. A. Barber, K. A. Mooney, and D. S. Gruner. 2008. Birds as predators in tropical agroforestry systems. Ecology 89:928-934.
Waldien, D. L., J. P. Hayes, and E. B. Arnett. 2000. Day-roosts of female long-eared Myotis in Western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:785-796.
Whelan, C. J., D. G. Wenny, and R. J. Marquis. 2008. Ecosystem services provided by birds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1134:25-60.
Yamaura, Y., J. A. Royle, N. Shimada, S. Asanuma, T. Sato, H. Taki, and S. Makino. 2012. Biodiversity of man-made open habitats in an underused country: a class of multispecies abundance models for count data. Biodiversity and Conservation 21:1365-1380.