Initialization and read-out of intrinsic spin defects in a van der Waals crystal at room temperature.
Journal
Nature materials
ISSN: 1476-4660
Titre abrégé: Nat Mater
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101155473
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2020
May 2020
Historique:
received:
09
06
2019
accepted:
20
01
2020
pubmed:
26
2
2020
medline:
26
2
2020
entrez:
26
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Optically addressable spins in wide-bandgap semiconductors are a promising platform for exploring quantum phenomena. While colour centres in three-dimensional crystals such as diamond and silicon carbide were studied in detail, they were not observed experimentally in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we report spin-dependent processes in the 2D material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). We identify fluorescence lines associated with a particular defect, the negatively charged boron vacancy ([Formula: see text]), showing a triplet (S = 1) ground state and zero-field splitting of ~3.5 GHz. We establish that this centre exhibits optically detected magnetic resonance at room temperature and demonstrate its spin polarization under optical pumping, which leads to optically induced population inversion of the spin ground state-a prerequisite for coherent spin-manipulation schemes. Our results constitute a step forward in establishing 2D hBN as a prime platform for scalable quantum technologies, with potential for spin-based quantum information and sensing applications.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32094496
doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0619-6
pii: 10.1038/s41563-020-0619-6
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
540-545Subventions
Organisme : Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
ID : 17-72-20053
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
ID : EXC 2147, 39085490
Références
Qian, X., Liu, J., Fu, L. & Li, J. Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Science 346, 1344–1347 (2014).
doi: 10.1126/science.1256815
Urbaszek, B. & Srivastava, A. Materials in flatland twist and shine. Nature 567, 39–40 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-00704-x
Caldwell, J. D. et al. Photonics with hexagonal boron nitride. Nat. Rev. Mater. 4, 552–567 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/s41578-019-0124-1
Toth, M. & Aharonovich, I. Single photon sources in atomically thin materials. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 70, 132–142 (2019).
doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052628
Tran, T. T., Bray, K., Ford, M. J., Toth, M. & Aharonovich, I. Quantum emission from hexagonal boron nitride monolayers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 37–41 (2016).
doi: 10.1038/nnano.2015.242
Tran, T. T. et al. Robust multicolor single photon emission from point defects in hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Nano 10, 7331–7338 (2016).
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03602
Jungwirth, N. R. et al. Temperature dependence of wavelength selectable zero-phonon emission from single defects in hexagonal boron nitride. Nano Lett. 16, 6052–6057 (2016).
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01987
Shotan, Z. et al. Photoinduced modification of single-photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Photonics 3, 2490–2496 (2016).
doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00736
Kianinia, M. et al. Robust solid-state quantum system operating at 800 K. ACS Photonics 4, 768–773 (2017).
doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00086
Tawfik, S. A. et al. First-principles investigation of quantum emission from hBN defects. Nanoscale 9, 13575–13582 (2017).
doi: 10.1039/C7NR04270A
Abdi, M., Chou, J.-P., Gali, A. & Plenio, M. B. Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride monolayers: a group theory and ab initio analysis. ACS Photonics 5, 1967–1976 (2018).
doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01442
Vogl, T., Campbell, G., Buchler, B. C., Lu, Y. & Lam, P. K. Fabrication and deterministic transfer of high-quality quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Photonics 5, 2305–2312 (2018).
doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00127
Proscia, N. V. et al. Near-deterministic activation of room temperature quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride. Optica 5, 1128–1134 (2018).
doi: 10.1364/OPTICA.5.001128
Li, X. et al. Nonmagnetic quantum emitters in boron nitride with ultranarrow and sideband-free emission spectra. ACS Nano 11, 6652–6660 (2017).
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00638
Exarhos, A. L., Hopper, D. A., Grote, R. R., Alkauskas, A. & Bassett, L. C. Optical signatures of quantum emitters in suspended hexagonal boron nitride. ACS Nano 11, 3328–3336 (2017).
doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00665
Atatüre, M., Englund, D., Vamivakas, N., Lee, S.-Y. & Wrachtrup, J. Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies. Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 38–51 (2018).
doi: 10.1038/s41578-018-0008-9
Gao, W. B., Imamoglu, A., Bernien, H. & Hanson, R. Coherent manipulation, measurement and entanglement of individual solid-state spins using optical fields. Nat. Photonics 9, 363–373 (2015).
doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.58
Yılmaz, S. T., Fallahi, P. & Imamoğlu, A. Quantum-dot-spin single-photon interface. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 033601 (2010).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.033601
Kalb, N. et al. Entanglement distillation between solid-state quantum network nodes. Science 356, 928–932 (2017).
doi: 10.1126/science.aan0070
Mamin, H. J. et al. Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor. Science 339, 557–560 (2013).
doi: 10.1126/science.1231540
Aslam, N. et al. Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with chemical resolution. Science 357, 67–71 (2017).
doi: 10.1126/science.aam8697
Lovchinsky, I. et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance detection and spectroscopy of single proteins using quantum logic. Science 351, 836–841 (2016).
doi: 10.1126/science.aad8022
Doherty, M. W. et al. The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond. Phys. Rep. 528, 1–45 (2013).
doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2013.02.001
Geim, A. K. & Grigorieva, I. V. Van der Waals heterostructures. Nature 499, 419–425 (2013).
doi: 10.1038/nature12385
Exarhos, A. L., Hopper, D. A., Patel, R. N., Doherty, M. W. & Bassett, L. C. Magnetic-field-dependent quantum emission in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. Nat. Commun. 10, 222 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08185-8
Toledo, J. R. et al. Electron paramagnetic resonance signature of point defects in neutron-irradiated hexagonal boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 98, 155203 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.155203
Katzir, A., Suss, J. T., Zunger, A. & Halperin, A. Point defects in hexagonal boron nitride. I. EPR, thermoluminescence, and thermally-stimulated-current measurements. Phys. Rev. B 11, 2370–2377 (1975).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.11.2370
Ivády, V. et al. Ab initio theory of negatively charged boron vacancy qubit in hBN. Preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.07767 (2019).
Huang, B., Xiang, H., Yu, J. & Wei, S.-H. Effective control of the charge and magnetic states of transition-metal atoms on single-layer boron nitride. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 206802 (2012).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.206802
Weston, L., Wickramaratne, D., Mackoit, M., Alkauskas, A. & van de Walle, C. G. Native point defects and impurities in hexagonal boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 97, 214104 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.97.214104
Feng, J. et al. Imaging of optically active defects with nanometer resolution. Nano Lett. 18, 1739–1744 (2018).
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04819
Dietrich, A. et al. Observation of Fourier transform limited lines in hexagonal boron nitride. Phys. Rev. B 98, 081414 (2018).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.081414
Abdi, M., Hwang, M.-J., Aghtar, M. & Plenio, M. B. Spin-mechanical scheme with color centers in hexagonal boron nitride membranes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 233602 (2017).
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.233602
Shandilya, P. K. et al. Hexagonal boron nitride cavity optomechanics. Nano Lett. 19, 1343–1350 (2019).
doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04956
Ye, M., Seo, H. & Galli, G. Spin coherence in two-dimensional materials. npj Comput. Mater. 5, 44 (2019).
doi: 10.1038/s41524-019-0182-3
Stoll, S. & Schweiger, A. EasySpin, a comprehensive software package for spectral simulation and analysis in EPR. J. Magn. Reson. 178, 42–55 (2006).
doi: 10.1016/j.jmr.2005.08.013