The placenta-brain-axis.
epigenetics
inflammation
neurodevelopment
neurotransmitters
nutrients
pregnancy
trophoblast
Journal
Journal of neuroscience research
ISSN: 1097-4547
Titre abrégé: J Neurosci Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7600111
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
received:
07
11
2019
revised:
25
01
2020
accepted:
12
02
2020
pubmed:
29
2
2020
medline:
3
11
2021
entrez:
29
2
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long-standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta-brain-axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental-specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental-brain-axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32108381
doi: 10.1002/jnr.24603
pmc: PMC7483131
mid: NIHMS1560664
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
271-283Subventions
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : R01 ES025547
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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