How physical interaction with insight problems affects solution rates, hint use, and cognitive load.
hint use
insight problems
interactivity
working memory
Journal
British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)
ISSN: 2044-8295
Titre abrégé: Br J Psychol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0373124
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2021
Feb 2021
Historique:
received:
04
06
2019
revised:
31
01
2020
pubmed:
4
3
2020
medline:
28
4
2021
entrez:
4
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
So-called insight problems are widely studied because they tap into the creative thinking that is crucial for solving real problems. However, insight problems are typically presented in static formats (on paper, computer) that allow no physical interaction with the problem elements, whereas such an interaction might in fact reduce the load on limited cognitive resources, such as working memory (WM) capacity, thereby facilitating solutions. To test this proposition, 124 young adults were allowed to interact physically with nine established insight problems, while another 124 people attempted to solve these problems using paper and pencil. Additionally, hints were provided for three problems that typically no-one solves. No general facilitating effect of physical interaction was found, with only one problem clearly benefitting from it. Furthermore, making use of hints was actually hindered by physical interaction. No difference in perceived task load and correlation with WM capacity was observed between the formats, and subjective ratings of insight were virtually unaffected by presentation format. Overall, physical interaction minimally affected insight problem-solving, which appears to rely strongly on internalized cognitive processing involving WM.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
120-143Informations de copyright
© 2020 The British Psychological Society.
Références
Ansburg, P. I., & Dominowski, R. I. (2000). Promoting insightful problem solving. Journal of Creative Behavior, 34, 30-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2162-6057.2000.tb01201.x
Batchelder, W. H., & Alexander, G. E. (2012). Insight problem solving: A critical examination of the possibility of formal theory. Journal of Problem Solving, 5, 56-100. https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1143
Bowden, E. M., & Jung-Beeman, M. (2003). Aha! Insight experience correlates with solution activation in the right hemisphere. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, 730-737. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196539
Burnham, C. A., & Davis, K. G. (1969). The nine-dot problem: Beyond perceptual organization. Psychonomic Science, 17, 321-323. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03335259
Chein, J. M., Weisberg, R. W., Streeter, N. L., & Kwok, S. (2010). Working memory and insight in the nine-dot problem. Memory & Cognition, 38, 883-892. https://doi.org/10.3758/MC.38.7.883
Chronicle, E. P., Ormerod, T. C., & MacGregor, J. N. (2001). When insight just won’t come: The failure of visual cues in the nine-dot problem. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 54, 903-919. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755996
Chu, Y., Dewald, A. D., & Chronicle, E. P. (2007). Theory driven hints in the cheap necklace problem: A preliminary investigation. The Journal of Problem Solving, 1, 18-32. https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1010
Chu, Y., & MacGregor, J. N. (2011). Human performance on insight problem solving: A review. Journal of Problem Solving, 3, 119-150. https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1094
Chuderski, A., & Jastrzębski, J. (2018). Much ado about Aha! Insight problem solving is strongly related to working memory capacity and reasoning ability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147, 257-281. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000378
Clark, A., & Chalmers, D. J. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58, 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8284.00096
Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., Hambrick, Z., Wilhelm, O., & Engle, R. W. (2005). Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and the user’s guide. Psychological Bulletin & Review, 12, 769-786. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196772
Cowan, N. (2016). Exploring the possible and necessary in working memory development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 81, 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/mono.12257
Cowley, S. J., & Vallée-Tourangeau, F. (2010). Thinking in action. AI & Society, 25, 469-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-010-0269-3
Danek, A. H., & Wiley, J. (2017). What about false insights? Deconstructing the Aha! Experience along its multiple dimensions for correct and incorrect solutions separately. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 2077. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.02077
Danek, A. H., Wiley, J., & Öllinger, M. (2016). Solving classical insight problems without aha! Experience: 9 dot, 8 coin, and matchstick arithmetic problems. The Journal of Problem Solving, 9, 4. https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1183
Davidson, J. E., & Sternberg, R. J. (1984). The role of insight in intellectual giftedness. Gifted Child Quarterly, 28, 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/001698628402800203
DeCaro, M. S. (2018). When does higher working memory capacity help or hinder insight problem solving. In F. Vallée-Tourangeau (Ed.), Insight: On the origin of ideas (pp. 79-104). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Fioratou, E., & Cowley, S. J. (2009). Insightful thinking: Cognitive dynamics and material artifacts. Pragmatics & Cognition, 17, 549-572. https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.3.04fio
Fleck, J. I., & Weisberg, R. W. (2013). Insight versus analysis: Evidence for diverse methods in problem solving. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 436-463. https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2013.779248
Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19, 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533005775196732
Gilhooly, K. J., & Fioratou, E. (2009). Executive functions in insight versus non-insight problem solving: An individual differences approach. Thinking & Reasoning, 15, 355-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546780903178615
Gilhooly, K., & Webb, M. E. (2018). Working memory in insight problem solving. In F. Vallee-Tourangeau (Ed.), Insight: On the origin of ideas (pp. 105-119). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Glenberg, A. M., Witt, J. K., & Metcalfe, J. (2013). From the revolution to embodiment: 25 years of cognitive psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 573-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613498098
Grant, E. R., & Spivey, M. J. (2003). Eye movements and problem solving: Guiding attention guides thought. Psychological Science, 14, 462-466. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.02454
Hart, S. G., & Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In P. A. Hancock & N. Meshkati (Eds.), Advances in psychology, 52. Human mental workload (pp. 139-183). Oxford, UK: North-Holland.
Hattori, M., Sloman, S. A., & Orita, R. (2013). Effects of subliminal hints on insight problem solving. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 790-797. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0389-0
Henok, N., Vallée-Tourangeau, F., & Vallée-Tourangeau, G. (2018). Incubation and interactivity in insight problem solving. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 84(1), 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-018-0992-9
Hostetter, A. B., & Alibali, M. W. (2019). Gesture as simulated action: Revisiting the framework. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(3), 721-752.
Jung-Beeman, M., Bowden, E. M., Haberman, J., Frymiare, J. L., Arambel-Liu, S., Greenblatt, R., … Kounios, J. (2004). Neural activity when people solve verbal problems with insight. PLoS Biology, 2, e97. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020097
Kaplan, C. A., & Simon, H. A. (1990). In search of insight. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 374-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(90)90008-R
Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90, 773-795. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
Katona, G. (1940). Organizing and memorizing. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Kershaw, T. C., & Ohlsson, S. (2004). Multiple causes of difficulty in insight: The case of the nine-dot problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.3
Kirsh, D. (2009). Problem solving and situated cognition. In P. Robbins & M. Aydede (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition (pp. 264-306). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Knöblich, G., Ohlsson, S., Haider, H., & Rhenius, D. (1999). Constraint relaxation and chunk decomposition in insight problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 25, 1534-1555. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.25.6.1534
Kohler, W. (1929/1947). Gestalt psychology. New York, NY: Liveright.
Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2014). The cognitive neuroscience of insight. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 71-93. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-11515
Larson, G. E., Merritt, C. R., & Williams, S. E. (1988). Information processing and intelligence: Some implications of task complexity. Intelligence, 12, 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(88)90012-8
Litchfield, D., & Ball, L. J. (2011). Using another’s gaze as an explicit aid to insight problem solving. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 649-656. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.558628
Luchins, A. S. (1942). Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psychological Monographs, 54(6), 1-95.
MacGregor, J. N., Ormerod, T. C., & Chronicle, E. P. (2001). Information processing and insight: A process model of performance on the nine-dot and related problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 27, 176-201. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.27.1.176
Martin, T., & Schwartz, D. L. (2005). Physically distributed learning: Adapting and reinterpreting physical environments in the development of fraction concepts. Cognitive Science, 29, 587-625. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog000015
Metcalfe, J. (1986). Premonitions of insight predict impending error. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory & Cognition, 12, 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.12.4.623
Metcalfe, J., & Wiebe, D. (1987). Intuition in insight and noninsight problem solving. Memory & Cognition, 15(3), 238-246.
Nęcka, E., Żak, P., & Gruszka, A. (2016). Insightful imagery is related to working memory updating. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00137
Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Oberauer, K. (2009). Design for a working memory. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Vol. 51. The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 45-100). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Ohlsson, S. (2011). Deep learning: How the mind overrides experience. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Öllinger, M., Jones, G., & Knöblich, G. (2014). The dynamics of search, impasse, and representational change provide a coherent explanation of difficulty in the nine-dot problem. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 78, 266-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-013-0494-8
Ormerod, T. C., MacGregor, J. N., & Chronicle, E. P. (2002). Dynamics and constraints in insight problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 791-799. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.28.4.791
Perkins, D. N. (2000). The Eureka effect. The art and logic of breakthrough thinking. New York, NY: Norton.
Pouw, W. T., Van Gog, T., & Paas, F. (2014). An embedded and embodied cognition review of instructional manipulatives. Educational Psychology Review, 26, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9255-5
Reverberi, C., Toraldo, A., D’Agostini, S., & Skrap, M. (2005). Better without (lateral) frontal cortex? Insight problems solved by frontal patients. Brain, 128, 2882-2890. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh577
Robbins, P., & M. Aydede (Eds.) (2009). The Cambridge handbook of situated cognition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Salvi, C., Bricolo, E., Franconeri, S. L., Kounios, J., & Beeman, M. (2015). Sudden insight is associated with shutting out visual inputs. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22, 1814-1819. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0845-0
Snodgrass, J. G., & Corwin, J. (1988). Pragmatics of measuring recognition memory: Applications to dementia and amnesia. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 117, 34-50. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.117.1.34
Thomas, L. E., & Lleras, A. (2007). Moving eyes and moving thought: On the spatial compatibility between eye movements and cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 663-668. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196818
Thomas, L. E., & Lleras, A. (2009). Swinging into thought: Directed movement guides insight in problem solving. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 719-723. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.4.719
Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2014). Assessing miserly information processing: An expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Thinking & Reasoning, 20, 147-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2013.844729
Vallée-Tourangeau, F. (2017). Interactivity and ego depletion in insight problem solving. In G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. J. Davelaar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1248-1253). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society.
Vallée-Tourangeau, F., Euden, G., & Hearn, V. (2011). Einstellung defused: Interactivity and mental set. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 1889-1895. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2011.605151
Vallée-Tourangeau, F., Steffensen, S. V., Vallée-Tourangeau, G., & Sirota, M. (2016). Insight with hands and things. Acta Psychologica, 170, 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.08.006
Vallée-Tourangeau, F., & Wrightman, M. (2010). Interactive skills and individual differences in a word production task. AI & Society, 25, 433-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-010-0270-x
Webb, M. E., Little, D. R., & Cropper, S. J. (2016). Insight is not in the problem: Investigating insight in problem solving across task types. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1424. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01424
Weisberg, R. W. (1995). Prolegomena to theories of insight in problem solving: A taxonomy of problems. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of insight (pp. 157-196). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Weisberg, R. W. (2015). Toward an integrated theory of insight in problem solving. Thinking & Reasoning, 21, 5-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2014.886625
Weisberg, R. W., & Alba, J. W. (1981). Gestalt theory, insight, and past experience: Reply to Dominowski. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 110, 199-203. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.110.2.199
Weller, A., Villejoubert, G., & Vallée-Tourangeau, F. (2011). Interactive insight problem solving. Thinking & Reasoning, 17, 424-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2011.629081
Wiley, J., & Jarosz, A. F. (2012). How working memory capacity affects problem solving. In B. H. Ross (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation Vol. 56 (pp. 185-227). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394393-4.00006-6
Wilson, M. (2002). Six views of embodied cognition. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 9, 625-636. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196322
Zhang, J., & Norman, D. A. (1994). Representations in distributed cognitive tasks. Cognitive Science, 18, 87-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(94)90021-3