Role of cannabis in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Cannabis
Crohn’s disease
endocannabinoid
inflammatory bowel diseases
marijuana
ulcerative colitis
Journal
Annals of gastroenterology
ISSN: 1108-7471
Titre abrégé: Ann Gastroenterol
Pays: Greece
ID NLM: 101121847
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
received:
23
09
2019
accepted:
26
11
2019
entrez:
5
3
2020
pubmed:
5
3
2020
medline:
5
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
For many centuries, cannabis (marijuana) has been used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Currently, there are about 192 million cannabis users worldwide, constituting approximately 3.9% of the global population. Cannabis comprises more than 70 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds known as cannabinoids. Endogenous circulating cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, their metabolizing enzymes (fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase) and 2 G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, together represent the endocannabinoid system and are present throughout the human body. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the activated endocannabinoid system reduces gut motility, intestinal secretion and epithelial permeability, and induces inflammatory leukocyte recruitment and immune modulation through the cannabinoid receptors present in the enteric nervous and immune systems. Because of the effects of cannabinoids on the GI tract, attempts have been made to investigate their medicinal properties, particularly for GI disorders such as pancreatitis, hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The effects of cannabis on IBD have been elucidated in several small observational and placebo-controlled studies, but with varied results. The small sample size and short follow-up duration in these studies make it difficult to show the clear benefits of cannabis in IBD. However, cannabis is now being considered as a potential drug for inflammatory GI conditions, particularly IBD, because of its spreading legalization in the United States and other countries and the growing trend in its use. More high-quality controlled studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanism and benefits of cannabis use as a possible option in IBD management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32127734
doi: 10.20524/aog.2020.0452
pii: AnnGastroenterol-33-134
pmc: PMC7049239
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
134-144Informations de copyright
Copyright: © Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflict of Interest: Hemant Goyal holds stocks in Rimrock Gold Corp., Tauriga Sciences and SinglePoint Inc.
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