Action-Monitoring Alterations as Indicators of Predictive Deficits in Schizophrenia.
Action-monitoring
ERN/Ne
Prediction error
Predictive learning
Predictive mechanisms
Self-monitoring
Journal
Topics in cognitive science
ISSN: 1756-8765
Titre abrégé: Top Cogn Sci
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101506764
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
received:
28
02
2019
revised:
14
01
2020
accepted:
28
01
2020
pubmed:
7
3
2020
medline:
25
2
2023
entrez:
6
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A flexible and dynamically adjustable behavior is crucial to adapt to a continuously changing environment. In order to optimally adapt, we need to learn from the consequences of our behavior. We usually learn through different kinds of prediction errors, which occur when we experience unexpected situations due to false predictions. With this literature review, we intended to contribute to current etiological models that ascribe various positive symptoms (particularly delusions and hallucinations) in patients with schizophrenia to false prediction errors and deficient predictive learning. We discuss alterations in the electrophysiological measure of the error-related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) as a global deficit and a trait in schizophrenia, as they have been observed in different samples of patients with schizophrenia, in individuals at high-risk and individuals with subclinical schizotypal traits. As the ERN/Ne can itself be considered the result of predictive processes (evaluation of current action outcomes as worse than expected), we propose that the reported alterations indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenic illnesses fail to adequately classify the outcomes of their actions as better or worse than expected due to a deficit in self-monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss results in further action-monitoring components, such as the correct response negativity (CRN)-a smaller negativity elicited by correct responses; and error positivity (Pe)-a later positivity assumed to reflect conscious error processing. The reported results show normal Pe amplitudes and normal post-error adjustments (adaptations after committed error to improve performance), indicating an intact later and conscious processing. From the results of diminished differences between ERN/Ne and CRN amplitudes, we conclude a general predictive deficit in early aspects of self-monitoring associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
142-163Subventions
Organisme : IZKF Tübingen
ID : 2115-0-0
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.
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