Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami.
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 03 2020
05 03 2020
Historique:
received:
21
05
2019
accepted:
13
02
2020
entrez:
7
3
2020
pubmed:
7
3
2020
medline:
7
3
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Following recent tsunamis, most studies have focused on the onshore deposits, while the offshore backwash deposits, crucial for a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes during such events and offering an opportunity for sedimentary archives of past tsunamis, have mostly been omitted. Here, we present a unique sedimentary record of the backwash from two historical tsunamis sampled in a sheltered bay in American Samoa, namely the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami. Although not always concomitant with a marked grain size change, backwash deposits are identified by terrestrial geochemical and mineralogical signatures, associated with basal soft sediment micro-deformations. These micro-deformations, including asymmetric flame structures, are described for the first time in historic shallow marine backwash deposits and lead us to propose an improved depositional mechanism for tsunami backflow based on hyperpycnal currents. Moreover, this study brings a potential new criterion to the proxy toolkit for identifying tsunami backwash deposits, namely the basal soft sediment micro-deformations. We suggest that further studies focus on these micro-deformations in order to test the representability of this criterion for tsunami backwash deposits. Sheltered shallow marine environments in areas repeatedly impacted by tsunamis have a higher potential for the reconstruction of paleo-tsunami catalogs and should be preferentially investigated for coastal risk assessment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32139743
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60746-4
pii: 10.1038/s41598-020-60746-4
pmc: PMC7058043
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
4149Références
Chagué-Goff, C., Szczuciński, W. & Shinozaki, T. Applications of geochemistry in tsunami research: A review. Earth-Science Rev. 165, 203–244 (2017).
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.003
Abrantes, F., Alt-Epping, U., Lebreiro, S., Voelker, A. & Schneider, R. Sedimentological record of tsunamis on shallow-shelf areas: The case of the 1969 AD and 1755 AD tsunamis on the Portuguese Shelf off Lisbon. Mar. Geol. 249, 283–293 (2008).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.12.004
Donato, S. V., Reinhardt, E. G., Boyce, J. I., Pilarczyk, J. E. & Jupp, B. P. Particle-size distribution of inferred tsunami deposits in Sur Lagoon, Sultanate of Oman. Mar. Geol. 257, 54–64 (2009).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.10.012
Sugawara, D. et al. Foraminiferal evidence of submarine sediment transport and deposition by backwash during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Isl. Arc. 18, 513–525 (2009).
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2009.00677.x
Srinivasalu, S., Jonathan, M. P., Thangadurai, N. & Ram-Mohan, V. A study on pre- and post-tsunami shallow deposits off SE coast of India from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: a geochemical approach. Nat. Hazards 52, 391–401 (2010).
doi: 10.1007/s11069-009-9385-0
Jonathan, M. P. et al. Offshore depositional sequence of 2004 tsunami from Chennai, SE coast of India. Nat. Hazards 62, 1155–1168 (2012).
doi: 10.1007/s11069-012-0141-5
Tipmanee, D., Deelaman, W., Pongpiachan, S., Schwarzer, K. & Sompongchaiyakul, P. Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a chemical proxy to indicate Tsunami 2004 backwash in Khao Lak coastal area, Thailand. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 12, 1441–1451 (2012).
doi: 10.5194/nhess-12-1441-2012
Smedile, A. et al. New coring study in Augusta Bay expands understanding of offshore tsunami deposits (Eastern Sicily, Italy). Sedimentology https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12581 (2019).
Le Roux, J. P. & Vargas, G. Hydraulic behavior of tsunami backflows: insights from their modern and ancient deposits. Environ. Geol. 49, 65 (2005).
doi: 10.1007/s00254-005-0059-2
Takashimizu, Y. & Masuda, F. Depositional facies and sedimentary successions of earthquake-induced tsunami deposits in Upper Pleistocene incised valley fills, central Japan. Sediment. Geol. 135, 231–239 (2000).
doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00074-9
Goodman-Tchernov, B. N., Dey, H. W., Reinhardt, E. G., McCoy, F. & Mart, Y. Tsunami waves generated by the Santorini eruption reached Eastern Mediterranean shores. Geol. 37, 943–946 (2009).
doi: 10.1130/G25704A.1
Noda, A. et al. Evaluation of tsunami impacts on shallow marine sediments: An example from the tsunami caused by the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake, northern Japan. Sediment. Geol. 200, 314–327 (2007).
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.010
Feldens, P., Schwarzer, K., Sakuna, D., Szczuciński, W. & Sompongchaiyakul, P. Sediment distribution on the inner continental shelf off Khao Lak (Thailand) after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Earth Planet. Sp. 64, 7 (2012).
doi: 10.5047/eps.2011.09.001
Veerasingam, S. et al. Identification and characterization of tsunami deposits off southeast coast of India from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: Rock magnetic and geochemical approach. J. earth Syst. Sci. 123, 905–921 (2014).
doi: 10.1007/s12040-014-0427-y
Sakuna, D., Szczuciński, W., Feldens, P., Schwarzer, K. & Khokiattiwong, S. Sedimentary deposits left by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the inner continental shelf offshore of Khao Lak, Andaman Sea (Thailand). Earth, Planets Space 64, 931–943 (2012).
doi: 10.5047/eps.2011.08.010
Sakuna-Schwartz, D., Feldens, P., Schwarzer, K., Khokiattiwong, S. & Stattegger, K. Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 15, 1181–1199 (2015).
doi: 10.5194/nhess-15-1181-2015
Paris, R. et al. Boulder and fine sediment transport and deposition by the 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga (western Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia): A coupled offshore–onshore model. Mar. Geol. 268, 43–54 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.011
Tamura, T. et al. Shallow‐marine deposits associated with the 2011 Tohoku‐oki tsunami in Sendai Bay, Japan. J. Quaternary Sci. 30, 293–297 (2015).
doi: 10.1002/jqs.2786
Smedile, A. et al. Possible tsunami signatures from an integrated study in the Augusta Bay offshore (Eastern Sicily—Italy). Mar. Geol. 281, 1–13 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.01.002
Milker, Y. et al. Sediment transport on the inner shelf off Khao Lak (Andaman Sea, Thailand) during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and former storm events: evidence from foraminiferal transfer functions. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 13, 3113–3128 (2013).
doi: 10.5194/nhess-13-3113-2013
Riou, B., Chaumillon, E., Schneider, J.-L., Corrège, T. & Chagué, C. The sediment-fill of Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila Island, American Samoa): New insights on the sediment record of past tsunamis. Sedimentology https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12574 (2018).
Pararas-Carayannis, G. & Dong, B. Catalog of tsunamis in the Samoan Islands. International Tsunami Information Center, Honolulu 74 (1980).
National Geophysical Data Center. Global Historical Tsunami Database, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5PN93H7 .
Koppers, A. A. P. et al. Samoa reinstated as a primary hotspot trail. Geol. 36, 435 (2008).
doi: 10.1130/G24630A.1
McDougall, I. Age of volcanism and its migration in the Samoa Islands. Geol. Mag. 147, 705–717 (2010).
doi: 10.1017/S0016756810000038
Hawkins, J. W. & Natland, J. H. Nephelinites and basanites of the Samoan linear volcanic chain: Their possible tectonic significance. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 24, 427–439 (1975).
doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(75)90150-8
McDougall, I. Age and evolution of the volcanoes of Tutuila, American Samoa. Pacific Science 39 (1985).
Beavan, J. et al. Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer rise in September 2009. Nat. 466, 959–963 (2010).
doi: 10.1038/nature09292
Okal, E. A., Borrero, J. C. & Chagué-Goff, C. Tsunamigenic predecessors to the 2009 Samoa earthquake. Earth-Science Rev. 107, 128–140 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.12.007
Fritz, H. M. et al. Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations. Earth-Science Rev. 107, 66–75 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004
Dominey-Howes, D. & Thaman, R. UNESCO-IOC International Tsunami Survey Team Samoa (ITST Samoa) Interim Report of Field Survey, 14th-21st October 2009. (Australian Tsunami Research Centre, 2009).
Goff, J. & Dominey-Howes, D. The 2009 South Pacific Tsunami. Earth-Science Reviews 107, v–vii (2011).
Prasad, R. Tropical Cyclone Ofa, 31 January to 7 February 1990 (1990).
Pandaram, S. & Prasad, R. Tropical Cyclone Val, 4-13 December 1991 (1992).
NOAA. Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information - Cyclone Rene, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=216106 .
Tropical Cyclone Rene hits American Samoa | CTV News, https://www.ctvnews.ca/tropical-cyclone-rene-hits-american-samoa-1.483514 .
NOAA. Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information - Cyclone Wilma, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=277800 .
Arnaud, F. et al. Flood and earthquake disturbance of 210Pb geochronology (Lake Anterne, NW Alps). Terra Nova 14, 225–232 (2002).
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00413.x
Krishnaswamy, S., Lal, D., Martin, J. M. & Meybeck, M. Geochronology of lake sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 11, 407–414 (1971).
doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(71)90202-0
Pfitzner, J., Brunskill, G. & Zagorskis, I. 137Cs and excess 210Pb deposition patterns in estuarine and marine sediment in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon, north-eastern Australia. J. Environ. Radioactivity 76, 81–102 (2004).
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.020
Magand, O. & Arnaud, F. Response on the comment from Ribeiro Guevara and Arribere on the article ‘Radionuclide dating (Pb-210, Cs-137, Am-241) of recent lake sediments in a highly geodynamic setting (Lakes Puyehue and Icalma–Chilean Lake District)’. Sci. Total. Environ. 385, 312–314 (2007).
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.022
Donaldson, G., Goff, J., Chagué, C., Gadd, P. & Fierro, D. The Waikari River tsunami: New Zealand’s largest historical tsunami event. Sediment. Geol. 383, 148–158 (2019).
doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.02.006
Chagué-Goff, C., Schneider, J.-L., Goff, J. R., Dominey-Howes, D. & Strotz, L. Expanding the proxy toolkit to help identify past events — Lessons from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami. Earth-Science Rev. 107, 107–122 (2011).
doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.007
Morrison, R. J., Peshut, P. J. & Lasorsa, B. K. Elemental composition and mineralogical characteristics of coastal marine sediments of Tutuila, American Samoa. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 60, 925–930 (2010).
doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.04.006
Macdonald, G. A. A contribution to the petrology of Tutuila, American Samoa. Geologische Rundsch. 57, 821–837 (1968).
doi: 10.1007/BF01845367
Allen, J. R. L. Development in sedimentology 30: Sedimentary structures their character and physical basis. (Elsevier Science, Inc., 1984).
Collinson, J. Sedimentary deformational structures. In The geological deformation of sediments 95–125 (Springer, 1994).
Baas, J. H., Best, J. L. & Peakall, J. Depositional processes, bedform development and hybrid bed formation in rapidly decelerated cohesive (mud–sand) sediment flows. Sedimentology 58, 1953–1987 (2011).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2011.01247.x
Butler, R. W., Eggenhuisen, J. T., Haughton, P. & McCaffrey, W. D. Interpreting syndepositional sediment remobilization and deformation beneath submarine gravity flows; a kinematic boundary layer approach. J. Geol. Soc. 173, 46–58 (2016).
doi: 10.1144/jgs2014-150
Clark, J. D. & Stanbrook, D. A. Formation of large-scale shear structures during deposition from high-density turbidity currents, Gres d’Annot Formation, south-east France. Particulate gravity Curr. 31, 219–232 (2001).
Matsumoto, D. et al. Truncated flame structures within a deposit of the Indian Ocean Tsunami: evidence of syn-sedimentary deformation. Sedimentology 55, 1559–1570 (2008).
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.00957.x
Mulder, T. et al. Deposits related to the failure of the Malpasset Dam in 1959: An analogue for hyperpycnal deposits from jökulhlaups. Mar. Geol. 260, 81–89 (2009).
doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.02.002
Goldberg, E. D. Geochronology with 210Pb. Radioactive dating 121–131 (1963).
Bruel, R. & Sabatier, P. serac: a R package for ShortlivEd RAdionuclide Chronology of recent sediment cores. EarthArXiv. In press (2020).