Remediation of aristolochic acid-contaminated soil by an effective advanced oxidation process.

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are persistent soil pollutants in the agricultural fields of the Balkan Peninsula that are endemic for Aristolochia clematitis L. This class of carcinogenic and nephrotoxic phytotoxins is taken up by crops through root absorption and contaminates staple foods across the peninsula. Human exposure to AAs via dietary intake has recently been recognized as a cause of Balkan endemic nephropathy. For the sake of public health, human exposure to AAs from all sources should be minimized in a timely manner. However, currently, there is no available remediation method to remove AAs from soil. In this study, we developed the first soil remediation method for AAs using Fenton's reagent (FR), a combination of ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide, and optimized factors, including pH, temperature, time, and dose of FR, to achieve the best degradation performance. The maximum AA degradation efficiency was found to be >97% in soil with 500 μg kg

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.