Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis
Metabolic syndrome
Sub-Saharan Africa
Systematic review
Journal
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD
ISSN: 1590-3729
Titre abrégé: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 9111474
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 04 2020
12 04 2020
Historique:
received:
04
06
2019
revised:
18
11
2019
accepted:
19
12
2019
pubmed:
8
3
2020
medline:
15
9
2020
entrez:
8
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
There are rising levels of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a precursor of these conditions, but the data on the prevalence of MS in SSA are fragmented. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of MS in SSA and determine the population groups that are most at risk. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and African Journals Online for all published articles reporting MS prevalence in SSA populations. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence overall and by major study-level characteristics. A total of 65 studies across fourteen different countries comprising 34,324 healthy participants aged ≥16 years were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MS according to the different diagnostic criteria was: IDF: 18.0% (95%CI:13.3-23.3), IDF-ethnic: 16.0% (95%CI:11.3-21.4), JIS: 23.9% (95%CI: 16.5-32.3), NCEP-ATP III: 17.1% (95%CI:12.8-22.0) and WHO: 11.1% (95%CI:5.3-18.9). The prevalence of MS was higher in women than in men, and higher in (semi-)urban than in rural participants. The MS prevalence was highest in Southern Africa, followed by Eastern, Western and Central Africa. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates across studies were not explained by major study-level characteristics, while apparent publication biases were likely artefactual. MS is not rare in SSA. The prevalence of MS was highest for women, populations in urban areas, and populations in Southern Africa. Public health intervention efforts are needed to prevent further increases in the burden of MS in the region.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
There are rising levels of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a precursor of these conditions, but the data on the prevalence of MS in SSA are fragmented. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of MS in SSA and determine the population groups that are most at risk.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and African Journals Online for all published articles reporting MS prevalence in SSA populations. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence overall and by major study-level characteristics. A total of 65 studies across fourteen different countries comprising 34,324 healthy participants aged ≥16 years were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MS according to the different diagnostic criteria was: IDF: 18.0% (95%CI:13.3-23.3), IDF-ethnic: 16.0% (95%CI:11.3-21.4), JIS: 23.9% (95%CI: 16.5-32.3), NCEP-ATP III: 17.1% (95%CI:12.8-22.0) and WHO: 11.1% (95%CI:5.3-18.9). The prevalence of MS was higher in women than in men, and higher in (semi-)urban than in rural participants. The MS prevalence was highest in Southern Africa, followed by Eastern, Western and Central Africa. Substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence estimates across studies were not explained by major study-level characteristics, while apparent publication biases were likely artefactual.
CONCLUSIONS
MS is not rare in SSA. The prevalence of MS was highest for women, populations in urban areas, and populations in Southern Africa. Public health intervention efforts are needed to prevent further increases in the burden of MS in the region.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32143896
pii: S0939-4753(19)30461-2
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.012
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
547-565Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
Published by Elsevier B.V.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.