Effects of Formalin Fixation on Trace Element Concentrations in Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Tissues.
Contamination
Formalin fixation
Leaching
Odontocete
Tissue preservation
Trace elements
Journal
Environmental toxicology and chemistry
ISSN: 1552-8618
Titre abrégé: Environ Toxicol Chem
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8308958
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
30
01
2020
revised:
27
02
2020
accepted:
06
03
2020
pubmed:
13
3
2020
medline:
22
12
2020
entrez:
13
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Odontocetes are considered ideal sentinel species to monitor environmental trace element concentrations. Although frozen tissues are preferable for trace element analysis, formalin-fixed tissues are often the only samples available; however, it is uncertain whether formalin fixation alters tissue trace element concentrations. To explore whether formalin-fixed tissues could be utilized for toxicology studies, concentrations of 14 trace elements (arsenic [As], cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc [Zn]) were measured in frozen and formalin-fixed bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) tissues following short-term (6 wk; tissues: blubber, liver, and lung) and long-term preservation (3-7 yr; tissues: blubber, brain, kidney, liver, lung, and skin) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Following both short-term and long-term preservation, there were significant differences in tissue trace element concentrations between preservation methods. Some trace elements were found in greater concentrations in frozen tissues compared with formalin-fixed tissues, suggesting leaching (e.g., mean As concentrations were between 1.4 and 7.6 times greater in frozen tissues). In contrast, other trace elements were found in greater concentrations in formalin-fixed tissues compared with frozen tissues, suggesting contamination (e.g., mean Zn concentrations were up to 8.7 times higher in some formalin-fixed tissues). Our results suggest that it may be possible to account for the effects of formalin fixation for some trace elements, but leaching and contamination should be carefully considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1149-1164. © 2020 SETAC.
Substances chimiques
Trace Elements
0
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Formaldehyde
1HG84L3525
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1149-1164Subventions
Organisme : Texas State University
Pays : International
Organisme : NIEHS NIH HHS
ID : P42ES007373
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : 5P30CA023108-37
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 SETAC.
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