Sports Drink Intake Pattern Affects Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation during Running.
Journal
Medicine and science in sports and exercise
ISSN: 1530-0315
Titre abrégé: Med Sci Sports Exerc
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8005433
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2020
09 2020
Historique:
pubmed:
14
3
2020
medline:
9
2
2021
entrez:
14
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This study aimed to determine whether the pattern of carbohydrate sports drink ingestion during prolonged submaximal running affects exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates and gastrointestinal (GI) comfort. Twelve well-trained male runners (27 ± 7 yr; 67.9 ± 6.7 kg; V˙O2peak, 68 ± 7 mL·kg·min) completed two exercise trials of 100 min steady-state running at 70%V˙O2peak. In each of the trials, 1 L of a 10% dextrose solution, enriched with [U-C] glucose, was consumed as either 200 mL every 20 min (CHO-20) or 50 mL every 5 min (CHO-5). Expired breath and venous blood samples were collected at rest and every 20 min during exercise. Subjective scales of GI comfort were recorded at regular intervals. Average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were 23% higher during exercise in CHO-20 (0.38 ± 0.11 vs 0.31 ± 0.11 g·min; P = 0.017). Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was also higher in CHO-20 (0.68 ± 0.14 g·min vs 0.61 ± 0.14 g·min; P = 0.004). During exercise, total carbohydrate oxidation (CHO-20, 2.15 ± 0.47; CHO-5, 2.23 ± 0.45 g·min, P = 0.412) and endogenous carbohydrate oxidation (CHO-20, 1.78 ± 0.45; CHO-5, 1.92 ± 0.40 g·min; P = 0.148) were not different between trials. Average serum glucose (P = 0.952) and insulin (P = 0.373) concentrations were not different between trials. There were no differences in reported symptoms of GI comfort and stomach bloatedness (P > 0.05), with only 3% of reported scores classed as severe (≥5 out of 10). Ingestion of a larger volume of carbohydrate solution at less frequent intervals during prolonged submaximal running increased exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates. Neither drinking pattern resulted in increased markers of GI discomfort to a severe level.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32168107
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002334
pii: 00005768-202009000-00015
doi:
Substances chimiques
Blood Glucose
0
Dietary Carbohydrates
0
Insulin
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1976-1982Références
Coyle EF, Coggan AR, Hemmert MK, Ivy JL. Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged strenuous exercise when fed carbohydrate. J Appl Physiol. 1986;61(1):165–72.
Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance. Nutrition. 2004;20:669–77.
Jeukendrup AE. Nutrition for endurance sports: marathon, triathlon, and road cycling. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(1 Suppl):S91–9.
Jeukendrup AE, Jentjens R. Oxidation of carbohydrate feedings during prolonged exercise. Sports Med. 2000;29(6):407–24.
Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Nowitz A, Brouns F, Noakes TD. Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from maltose and glucose ingested during prolonged exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1992;64:523–7.
Jentjens RL, Moseley L, Waring RH, Harding LK, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004;96:1277–84.
Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. High rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from a mixture of glucose and fructose ingested during prolonged cycling exercise. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(4):485–92.
Jeukendrup AE, Wagenmakers AJ, Stegen J, Gijsen AP, Brouns F, Saris WH. Carbohydrate ingestion can completely suppress endogenous glucose production during exercise. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(4):E672–83.
Peters HP, Wiersma JW, Koerselman J, et al. The effect of a sports drink on gastroesophageal reflux during a run-bike-run test. Int J Sports Med. 1999;20:65–70.
Massicotte D, Péronnet F, Brisson G, Boivin L, Hillaire-Marcel C. Oxidation of exogenous carbohydrate during prolonged exercise in fed and fasted conditions. Int J Sports Med. 1990;11(4):253–8.
Betts JA, Thompson D. Thinking outside the bag (not necessarily outside the lab). Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(10):2040.
Wagenmakers AJ, Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, Saris WH, Halliday D. Breath 13CO2 background enrichment during exercise: diet-related differences between Europe and America. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1993;74(5):2253–7.
Jeukendrup AE, Vet-Joop K, Sturk A, et al. Relationship between gastro-intestinal complaints and endotoxaemia, cytokine release and the acute-phase reaction during and after a long-distance triathlon in highly trained men. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000;98:47–55.
Dill DB, Costill DL. Calculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydration. J Appl Physiol. 1974;37:247–8.
Jeukendrup AE, Wallis GA. Measurement of substrate oxidation during exercise by means of gas exchange measurements. Int J Sports Med. 2005;26:S28–37.
Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors. Geochim Comochim Acta. 1957;12:133–49.
Robert JJ, Koziet J, Chauvet D, Darmaun D, Desjeux JF, Young VR. Use of 13C-labeled glucose for estimating glucose oxidation: some design considerations. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1987;63(5):1725–32.
Pallikarakis N, Sphiris N, Lefèbvre P. Influence of the bicarbonate pool and on the occurrence of 13CO2 in exhaled air. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1991;63:179–83.
Rehrer NJ, Beckers EJ, Brouns F, ten Hoor F, Saris WH. Effects of dehydration on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal distress while running. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990;22(6):790–5.
Costill DL, Saltin B. Factors limiting gastric emptying during rest and exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1974;37(5):679–83.
Strunz UT, Grossman MI. Effect of intragastric pressure on gastric emptying and secretion. Am J Physiol. 1978;235(5):E552–5.
Minami H, McCallum RW. The physiology and pathophysiology of gastric emptying in humans. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:1592–610.
Noakes TD, Rehrer NJ, Maughan RJ. The importance of volume in regulating gastric emptying. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(3):307–13.
Hulston CJ, Wallis GA, Jeukendrup AE. Exogenous CHO oxidation with glucose plus fructose intake during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):357–63.
Burelle Y, Péronnet F, Charpentier S, Lavoie C, Hillaire-Marcel C, Massicotte D. Oxidation of an oral [13C]glucose load at rest and prolonged exercise in trained and sedentary subjects. J Appl Physiol. 1999;86(1):52–60.
Massicotte D, Péronnet F, Brisson G, Bakkouch K, Hillaire-Marcel C. Oxidation of a glucose polymer during exercise: comparison with glucose and fructose. J Appl Physiol. 1989;66(1):179–83.
Moodley D, Noakes TD, Bosch AN, Hawley JA, Schall R, Dennis SC. Oxidation of exogenous carbohydrate during prolonged exercise: the effects of the carbohydrate type and its concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;64(4):328–34.
Pfeiffer B, Stellingwerff T, Zaltas E, Hodgson AB, Jeukendrup AE. Carbohydrate oxidation from a drink during running compared with cycling exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):327–34.
Cox GR, Clark SA, Cox AJ, et al. Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling. J Appl Physiol. 2010;109:126–34.
Rehrer NJ, Wagenmakers AJ, Beckers EJ, et al. Gastric emptying, absorption, and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992;72(2):468–75.
Stocks B, Betts JA, McGawley K. Effects of carbohydrate dose and frequency on metabolism, gastrointestinal discomfort, and cross-country skiing performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016;26:1100–8.
Hawley JA, Bosch AN, Weltan SM, Dennis SC, Noakes TD. Glucose kinetics during prolonged exercise in euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic subjects. Pflügers Arch. 1994;426:378–86.
Rehrer NJ, Beckers E, Brouns F, Hoor ten F, Saris WH. Exercise and training effects on gastric emptying of carbohydrate beverages. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1989;21(5):540–9.
Rowlands DS, Wallis GA, Shaw C, Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. Glucose polymer molecular weight does not affect exogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(9):1510–6.
Wallis GA, Rowlands DS, Shaw C, Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. Oxidation of combined ingestion of maltodextrins and fructose during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(3):426–32.
van Loon LJ, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Saris WH, Wagenmakers AJ. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. J Physiol. 2001;536(1):295–304.
Joyner MJ, Coyle EF. Endurance exercise performance: the physiology of champions. J Physiol. 2008;586(1):35–44.
Maughan RM, Leiper JB, McGaw BA. Effects of exercise intensity on absorption of ingested fluids in man. Exp Physiol. 1990;75:419–21.
Rehrer NJ, Meijer GA. Biomechanical vibration of the abdominal region during running and bicycling. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991;31(2):231–4.
Jeacocke NA, Burke LM. Methods to standardize dietary intake before performance testing. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2010;20:87–103.