The jumping to conclusions reasoning bias as a cognitive factor contributing to psychosis progression and persistence: findings from NEMESIS-2.
Adult
Affective Symptoms
/ physiopathology
Anxiety
/ psychology
Bias
Cognition
Decision Making
/ physiology
Depression
/ psychology
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Netherlands
/ epidemiology
Neuropsychological Tests
Prospective Studies
Psychotic Disorders
/ epidemiology
Risk
Surveys and Questionnaires
Cognitive models
jumping to conclusions
persistence
progression
psychosis
psychotic experiences
reasoning bias
transdiagnostic phenotype
Journal
Psychological medicine
ISSN: 1469-8978
Titre abrégé: Psychol Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 1254142
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2021
07 2021
Historique:
pubmed:
17
3
2020
medline:
14
1
2022
entrez:
17
3
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Contemporary models of psychosis implicate the importance of affective dysregulation and cognitive factors (e.g. biases and schemas) in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, but studies testing proposed mechanisms remain limited. This study, uniquely using a prospective design, investigated whether the jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias contributes to psychosis progression and persistence. Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and an add-on instrument were used to assess affective dysregulation (i.e. depression, anxiety and mania) and psychotic experiences (PEs), respectively. The beads task was used to assess JTC bias. Time series analyses were conducted using data from T1 and T2 (N = 8666), excluding individuals who reported high psychosis levels at T0. Although the prospective design resulted in low statistical power, the findings suggest that, compared to those without symptoms, individuals with lifetime affective dysregulation were more likely to progress from low/moderate psychosis levels (state of 'aberrant salience', one or two PEs) at T1 to high psychosis levels ('frank psychosis', three or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour) at T2 if the JTC bias was present [adj. relative risk ratio (RRR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-18.6, p = 0.101]. Similarly, the JTC bias contributed to the persistence of high psychosis levels (adj. RRR: 12.7, 95% CI 0.7-239.6, p = 0.091). We found some evidence that the JTC bias may contribute to psychosis progression and persistence in individuals with affective dysregulation. However, well-powered prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Contemporary models of psychosis implicate the importance of affective dysregulation and cognitive factors (e.g. biases and schemas) in the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms, but studies testing proposed mechanisms remain limited. This study, uniquely using a prospective design, investigated whether the jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias contributes to psychosis progression and persistence.
METHODS
Data were derived from the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). The Composite International Diagnostic Interview and an add-on instrument were used to assess affective dysregulation (i.e. depression, anxiety and mania) and psychotic experiences (PEs), respectively. The beads task was used to assess JTC bias. Time series analyses were conducted using data from T1 and T2 (N = 8666), excluding individuals who reported high psychosis levels at T0.
RESULTS
Although the prospective design resulted in low statistical power, the findings suggest that, compared to those without symptoms, individuals with lifetime affective dysregulation were more likely to progress from low/moderate psychosis levels (state of 'aberrant salience', one or two PEs) at T1 to high psychosis levels ('frank psychosis', three or more PEs or psychosis-related help-seeking behaviour) at T2 if the JTC bias was present [adj. relative risk ratio (RRR): 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-18.6, p = 0.101]. Similarly, the JTC bias contributed to the persistence of high psychosis levels (adj. RRR: 12.7, 95% CI 0.7-239.6, p = 0.091).
CONCLUSIONS
We found some evidence that the JTC bias may contribute to psychosis progression and persistence in individuals with affective dysregulation. However, well-powered prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32174291
doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000446
pii: S0033291720000446
pmc: PMC8327623
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1696-1703Références
Nature. 2019 Mar;567(7748):305-307
pubmed: 30894741
Science. 2018 Jun 22;360(6395):
pubmed: 29930110
Psychol Med. 2019 Jan;49(2):177-189
pubmed: 29860956
Schizophr Bull. 2018 Oct 17;44(6):1185-1194
pubmed: 29982814
Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Jan 1;81(1):9-20
pubmed: 27720198
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010 Sep;19(3):125-41
pubmed: 20641046
JAMA. 2018 Apr 10;319(14):1429-1430
pubmed: 29566133
Psychol Med. 2019 Oct;49(13):2256-2266
pubmed: 30392491
Schizophr Bull. 2018 Jan 13;44(1):126-136
pubmed: 28338872
Psychiatry Res. 2014 Aug 30;218(3):341-7
pubmed: 24836199
Schizophr Bull. 2019 Apr 25;45(3):562-570
pubmed: 29897527
Psychol Med. 2013 Jun;43(6):1133-49
pubmed: 22850401
Behav Res Ther. 2006 Apr;44(4):481-514
pubmed: 15913544
World Psychiatry. 2016 Jun;15(2):118-24
pubmed: 27265696
Psychol Med. 2019 Aug;49(11):1879-1889
pubmed: 30284529
Psychol Med. 2001 Feb;31(2):189-95
pubmed: 11232907
Schizophr Bull. 2015 Sep;41(5):1183-91
pubmed: 25616503
Psychol Med. 2020 Apr;50(5):761-770
pubmed: 30944059
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;20(6):619-25
pubmed: 17921766
Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2004;13(2):93-121
pubmed: 15297906
JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 May 1;74(5):528-534
pubmed: 28355471
Schizophr Bull. 2012 Mar;38(2):247-57
pubmed: 22258882
Psychol Med. 2021 Mar;51(4):623-633
pubmed: 32327005
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Oct;28(10):1353-1363
pubmed: 30820670
Clin Psychol Rev. 2016 Jun;46:151-67
pubmed: 27216559
Br J Clin Psychol. 2013 Nov;52(4):380-93
pubmed: 24117911
J Exp Psychol. 1966 Sep;72(3):346-54
pubmed: 5968681
Schizophr Res. 2008 Jan;98(1-3):225-31
pubmed: 17897811
Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;3(7):685-92
pubmed: 27371990
Br J Clin Psychol. 1999 Jun;38(2):113-54
pubmed: 10389596
Lancet. 2014 May 10;383(9929):1677-1687
pubmed: 24315522
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2007 Jan;12(1):46-77
pubmed: 17162446
Psychol Med. 2019 Aug;49(11):1799-1809
pubmed: 30160228
Clin Psychol Rev. 2019 Mar;68:25-37
pubmed: 30617014
Lancet Psychiatry. 2017 Dec;4(12):927-936
pubmed: 29179936
Schizophr Bull. 2016 May;42(3):652-65
pubmed: 26519952
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;49(8):1179-89
pubmed: 25005465
Psychol Med. 2007 Oct;37(10):1377-91
pubmed: 17335638
J Abnorm Psychol. 2012 Feb;121(1):129-139
pubmed: 21910515