Gigantic chloroplasts, including bizonoplasts, are common in shade-adapted species of the ancient vascular plant family Selaginellaceae.
Stachygynandrum
Selaginellaceae
bilobed chloroplast
chloroplast diversity
cup-shaped chloroplast
monoplastidy
shade-adapted Selaginella
ultrastructure
Journal
American journal of botany
ISSN: 1537-2197
Titre abrégé: Am J Bot
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0370467
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2020
04 2020
Historique:
received:
11
08
2019
accepted:
21
01
2020
pubmed:
1
4
2020
medline:
6
5
2020
entrez:
1
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Unique among vascular plants, some species of Selaginella have single giant chloroplasts in their epidermal or upper mesophyll cells (monoplastidy, M), varying in structure between species. Structural variants include several forms of bizonoplast with unique dimorphic ultrastructure. Better understanding of these structural variants, their prevalence, environmental correlates and phylogenetic association, has the potential to shed new light on chloroplast biology unavailable from any other plant group. The chloroplast ultrastructure of 76 Selaginella species was studied with various microscopic techniques. Environmental data for selected species and subgeneric relationships were compared against chloroplast traits. We delineated five chloroplast categories: ME (monoplastidy in a dorsal epidermal cell), MM (monoplastidy in a mesophyll cell), OL (oligoplastidy), Mu (multiplastidy, present in the most basal species), and RC (reduced or vestigial chloroplasts). Of 44 ME species, 11 have bizonoplasts, cup-shaped (concave upper zone) or bilobed (basal hinge, a new discovery), with upper zones of parallel thylakoid membranes varying subtly between species. Monoplastidy, found in 49 species, is strongly shade associated. Bizonoplasts are only known in deep-shade species (<2.1% full sunlight) of subgenus Stachygynandrum but in both the Old and New Worlds. Multiplastidic chloroplasts are most likely basal, implying that monoplastidy and bizonoplasts are derived traits, with monoplastidy evolving at least twice, potentially as an adaptation to low light. Although there is insufficient information to understand the adaptive significance of the numerous structural variants, they are unmatched in the vascular plants, suggesting unusual evolutionary flexibility in this ancient plant genus.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
562-576Subventions
Organisme : University of Bristol
Pays : International
Organisme : Academia Sinica
Pays : International
Organisme : Precision Instruments Center
Pays : International
Organisme : National Chung Hsing University
Pays : International
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
ID : MOST-101-2621-B-005-002-MY3
Pays : International
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
ID : MOST 104-2621-B-005-002-MY3
Pays : International
Organisme : Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
ID : MOST 107-2621-B-005-001
Pays : International
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Botanical Society of America.
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