Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology of Haemorrhoids.
Haemorrhoidal disease
anal disease
anatomy
haemorrhoids
pathophysiology
physiology
Journal
Reviews on recent clinical trials
ISSN: 1876-1038
Titre abrégé: Rev Recent Clin Trials
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101270873
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
08
10
2019
revised:
04
02
2020
accepted:
12
02
2020
pubmed:
7
4
2020
medline:
29
10
2021
entrez:
7
4
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Haemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is a frequent anal disorder and one of the most common findings identified at the colorectal clinic. This article aims to provide an overview of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of haemorrhoids and haemorrhoidal disease. Internal haemorrhoids are vascular cushions located in the anal canal, above the dentate line and covered by columnar epithelium. They contribute to the faecal continence and the sensitivity of the anal canal. The enlargement and/or sliding of haemorrhoidal tissue produce symptoms and complications, the so-called haemorrhoidal disease. A systematic research was realized, looking at the best evidence in literature, searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and the most renowed textbooks of colorectal surgery from January 1980 to January 2020. Aetiology and pathophysiology of HD are still controversial, but multifactorial. Disruption of stromal scaffolding, enlargement of vascular component, elevated anal pressure and rectal redundancy represent key events in the development and complications of the disease. Local inflammation may also play a role. Goligher's classification remains the most widely used. Thorough patient history and examination are paramount to diagnose HD, excluding other anal or colonic pathologies. Several aspects of etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology remain controversial. Further studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the disease.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Haemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is a frequent anal disorder and one of the most common findings identified at the colorectal clinic. This article aims to provide an overview of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of haemorrhoids and haemorrhoidal disease.
INTRODUCTION
Internal haemorrhoids are vascular cushions located in the anal canal, above the dentate line and covered by columnar epithelium. They contribute to the faecal continence and the sensitivity of the anal canal. The enlargement and/or sliding of haemorrhoidal tissue produce symptoms and complications, the so-called haemorrhoidal disease.
METHODS
A systematic research was realized, looking at the best evidence in literature, searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and the most renowed textbooks of colorectal surgery from January 1980 to January 2020.
RESULT
Aetiology and pathophysiology of HD are still controversial, but multifactorial. Disruption of stromal scaffolding, enlargement of vascular component, elevated anal pressure and rectal redundancy represent key events in the development and complications of the disease. Local inflammation may also play a role. Goligher's classification remains the most widely used. Thorough patient history and examination are paramount to diagnose HD, excluding other anal or colonic pathologies.
CONCLUSION
Several aspects of etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology remain controversial. Further studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the disease.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32250229
pii: RRCT-EPUB-105670
doi: 10.2174/1574887115666200406115150
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
75-80Informations de copyright
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.