Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency among Preschool Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Journal
BioMed research international
ISSN: 2314-6141
Titre abrégé: Biomed Res Int
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101600173
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
received:
04
11
2019
revised:
31
01
2020
accepted:
13
02
2020
entrez:
8
4
2020
pubmed:
8
4
2020
medline:
17
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia. The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia. Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot's spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot's spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant. Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot's spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia.
METHODS
METHODS
Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran
RESULTS
RESULTS
Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot's spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot's spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot's spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32258145
doi: 10.1155/2020/8032894
pmc: PMC7073500
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
8032894Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Zekariyas Sahile et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
All authors declared that they have no financial and nonfinancial competing interest.
Références
East Afr Med J. 1996 Mar;73(3):179-81
pubmed: 8698017
PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097
pubmed: 19621072
Indian Pediatr. 2011 Nov 11;48(11):861-6
pubmed: 21555808
J Clin Epidemiol. 2012 Sep;65(9):934-9
pubmed: 22742910
BMJ. 2011 Aug 25;343:d5094
pubmed: 21868478
Food Nutr Bull. 2017 Dec;38(4):564-573
pubmed: 28528554
East Afr Med J. 2003 Jan;80(1):17-21
pubmed: 12755237
J Nutr. 2014 Apr;144(4):496-503
pubmed: 24500929
East Afr Med J. 2002 Jul;79(7):355-9
pubmed: 12638829
East Afr Med J. 2000 Jun;77(6):313-5
pubmed: 12858930
Lancet. 2013 Aug 17;382(9892):593
pubmed: 23953379
J Health Popul Nutr. 2009 Oct;27(5):666-73
pubmed: 19902803
Public Health Nutr. 2013 Oct;16(10):1741-50
pubmed: 23234764
Food Nutr Bull. 2010 Jun;31(2):234-41
pubmed: 20707229
J Nutr. 2002 Sep;132(9 Suppl):2845S-2850S
pubmed: 12221259
BMC Res Notes. 2016 Jun 24;9:323
pubmed: 27342570
East Afr Med J. 1996 May;73(5):303-7
pubmed: 8756032
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Jan;4(1):e21
pubmed: 26718802
Arch Public Health. 2016 Mar 14;74:4
pubmed: 26977293
Lancet. 2013 Apr 27;381(9876):1469-77
pubmed: 23498849
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 24;2:CD006980
pubmed: 28234402
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Mar 11;3:CD008524
pubmed: 28282701