Coculture at the crossroads of the new microbiology techniques for the isolation of strict intracellular bacteria.

Coculture played a major role in clinical microbiology by elucidating strict intracellular bacteria era. Since some of these bacteria are human pathogens, in-depth studies at the strain level are necessary to better understand their pathologies and treatment. Over the last decades, culture-independent tools have taken over the diagnostic procedure at the expense of coculture. These tools, although proven to be rapid and efficient, cannot overcome the need to culture the bacteria, as strain isolation remains a key factor to understanding its epidemiology, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Moreover, strain availability allows the development of molecular and serological tools, and remains crucial for taxonomy. This review revisits the current status of culture, its advantages, drawbacks and future needs.