Structure, mechanical properties, and modeling of cyclically compressed pulmonary emboli.
Cyclic compression
Hysteresis
Phase transition
Pulmonary emboli
Journal
Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials
ISSN: 1878-0180
Titre abrégé: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101322406
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 2020
05 2020
Historique:
received:
10
07
2019
revised:
11
02
2020
accepted:
13
02
2020
entrez:
14
4
2020
pubmed:
14
4
2020
medline:
15
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Pulmonary embolism occurs when blood flow to a part of the lungs is blocked by a venous thrombus that has traveled from the lower limbs. Little is known about the mechanical behavior of emboli under compressive forces from the surrounding musculature and blood pressure. We measured the stress-strain responses of human pulmonary emboli under cyclic compression, and showed that emboli exhibit a hysteretic stress-strain curve. The fibrin fibers and red blood cells (RBCs) are damaged during the compression process, causing irreversible changes in the structure of the emboli. We showed using electron and confocal microscopy that bundling of fibrin fibers occurs due to compression, and damage is accumulated as more cycles are applied. The stress-strain curves depend on embolus structure, such that variations in composition give quantitatively different responses. Emboli with a high fibrin component demonstrate higher normal stress compared to emboli that have a high RBC component. We compared the compression response of emboli to that of whole blood clots containing various volume fractions of RBCs, and found that RBCs rupture at a certain critical stress. We describe the hysteretic response characteristic of foams, using a model of phase transitions in which the compressed foam is segregated into coexisting rarefied and densified phases whose fractions change during compression. Our model takes account of the rupture of RBCs in the compressed emboli and stresses due to fluid flow through their small pores. Our results can help in classifying emboli as rich in fibrin or rich in red blood cells, and can help in understanding what responses to expect when stresses are applied to thrombi in vivo.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32279846
pii: S1751-6161(19)30961-0
doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103699
pmc: PMC7241098
mid: NIHMS1574171
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Fibrin
9001-31-4
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
103699Subventions
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL135254
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest.
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